{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T18:47:34Z","timestamp":1770490054131,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/144864\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/144864\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021.05964.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.05964.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cosmetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sensitive skin is characterized by symptoms such as stinging and tingling in response to stimuli that usually do not cause unpleasant sensations. Epidemiological studies show that individuals with sensitive skin are more prone to developing skin allergies, although the link between both conditions is unknown. Aiming to evaluate the presence of allergens in facial-skin products for sensitive skin, a pool of 88 cosmetic products from international brands marketed in pharmacies and parapharmacies was analyzed. A list of allergens identified in product labels was compiled and grouped according to their function. Fragrances were the most common allergens, followed by skin-conditioning agents, surfactants, and preservatives. Fragrances presenting the highest use percentages were linalool, benzyl alcohol, geraniol, and citronellol. Overall, the majority of cosmetic formulations were absent of fragrance allergens, being present only in 7% of products. Other allergens were found in most products (95%). This finding should be interpreted with caution, since many of these compounds are rare sensitizers and studies demonstrating their risk for individuals with sensitive skin are lacking. With this study, useful information for health professionals is provided to support their advice and to help consumers choosing cosmetic products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics9020032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T21:26:22Z","timestamp":1647811582000},"page":"32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Occurrence of Allergens in Cosmetics for Sensitive Skin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3958-6849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcia S.","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR\u2013Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9064-4859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta S.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1498-048X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel F.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5397-4672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Em\u00edlia","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR\u2013Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13532","article-title":"Sensitive skin","volume":"30","author":"Misery","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.201756111","article-title":"Sensitive skin: Review of an ascending concept","volume":"92","author":"Duarte","year":"2017","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12754","article-title":"Sensitive skin: Active ingredients on the spotlight","volume":"44","author":"Ferreira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2012.00754.x","article-title":"Sensitive skin: An overview","volume":"35","author":"Berardesca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Resende, D.I.S.P., Ferreira, M.S., Sousa-Lobo, J.M., Sousa, E., and Almeida, I.F. (2021). Usage of Synthetic Peptides in Cosmetics for Sensitive Skin. Pharmaceuticals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14080702"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farage, M.A. (2021). Understanding the Sensitive Skin Subject to Achieve a More Holistic Diagnosis. Cosmetics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics8030081"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2011.01406.x","article-title":"Quantitative study of stratum corneum ceramides contents in patients with sensitive skin","volume":"39","author":"Cho","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12334","article-title":"A fundamental investigation into aspects of the physiology and biochemistry of the stratum corneum in subjects with sensitive skin","volume":"39","author":"Raj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira, M.S., Resende, D.I.S.P., Lobo, J.M.S., Sousa, E., and Almeida, I.F. (2021). Marine Ingredients for Sensitive Skin: Market Overview. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19080464"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000452152","article-title":"Sensitive Skin: Assessment of the Skin Barrier Using Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy","volume":"30","author":"Richters","year":"2017","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2009.00861.x","article-title":"Putative neuronal mechanisms of sensitive skin","volume":"18","author":"Schneider","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2235","article-title":"Pathophysiological Study of Sensitive Skin","volume":"96","author":"Natalizio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2009.00530_1.x","article-title":"The contribution of neurogenic inflammation to sensitive skin: Concepts, mechanisms and cosmeceutical intervention","volume":"31","author":"Sempere","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00098","article-title":"The Prevalence of Sensitive Skin","volume":"6","author":"Farage","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16000","article-title":"Pathophysiology and management of sensitive skin: Position paper from the special interest group on sensitive skin of the International Forum for the Study of Itch (IFSI)","volume":"34","author":"Misery","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12204","article-title":"Relationship between transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 expression and the intensity of sensitive skin symptoms","volume":"15","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keum, H.L., Kim, H., Kim, H.-J., Park, T., Kim, S., An, S., and Sul, W.J. (2020). Structures of the Skin Microbiome and Mycobiome Depending on Skin Sensitivity. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8071032"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2019.12.004","article-title":"Skin microbiome in sensitive skin: The decrease of Staphylococcus epidermidis seems to be related to female lactic acid sting test sensitive skin","volume":"97","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.138","article-title":"Comparative study of normal and sensitive skin aerobic bacterial populations","volume":"2","author":"Hillion","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microbiologyopen"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13991","article-title":"Sensitive skin is a neuropathic disorder","volume":"28","author":"Huet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0b013e3182a5d8bc","article-title":"Allergy to cosmetics: A literature review","volume":"24","author":"Alani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2013.12.018","article-title":"Allergic Contact Dermatitis Caused by Cosmetic Products","volume":"105","year":"2014","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr."},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_23.1","unstructured":"The European Parliament, and The Council of the European Union (2009). Regulation"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_23.2","unstructured":"(EC) No 1223\/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on cosmetic products. Off. J. Eur. Union, L342, 59."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1159\/000363149","article-title":"What is sensitive skin? A systematic literature review of objective measurements","volume":"28","author":"Richters","year":"2015","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08585.x","article-title":"Self-reported immunological and familial links in individuals who perceive they have sensitive skin","volume":"159","author":"Farage","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16166","article-title":"The prevalence of self-declared sensitive skin: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"FDA (2022, February 15). Allergens in Cosmetics, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/cosmetics\/cosmetic-ingredients\/allergens-cosmetics."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"206","article-title":"European Standard Series Patch Test Results in Contact Dermatitis Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital","volume":"54","author":"Acer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Bull. Sisli Etfal Hosp."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goossens, A. (2016). Cosmetic Contact Allergens. Cosmetics, 3.","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics3010005"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uter, W., Werfel, T., Lepoittevin, J.-P., and White, I.R. (2020). Contact Allergy-Emerging Allergens and Public Health Impact. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072404"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"(2022, February 07). Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Available online: https:\/\/www.cir-safety.org\/."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"(2022, February 07). Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS)\u2014Opinions. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/health\/scientific-committees\/scientific-committee-consumer-safety-sccs\/sccs-opinions_en."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"(2022, February 15). CosIng. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/growth\/tools-databases\/cosing\/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.simple."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-7310(09)70057-2","article-title":"Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Cosmetics","volume":"100","author":"Laguna","year":"2009","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14513","article-title":"Fragrance contact allergens in 5588 cosmetic products identified through a novel smartphone application","volume":"32","author":"Bennike","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02363.x","article-title":"Allergens in combination have a synergistic effect on the elicitation response: A study of fragrance-sensitized individuals","volume":"139","author":"Johansen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01945.x","article-title":"Enhanced sensitization and elicitation responses caused by mixtures of common fragrance allergens","volume":"65","author":"Bonefeld","year":"2011","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000067","article-title":"Fragrance allergic contact dermatitis","volume":"25","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety) (2022, February 20). Opinion on Fragrance Allergens in Cosmetic Products. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/health\/scientific_committees\/consumer_safety\/docs\/sccs_o_102.pdf."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"(2022, January 27). Labelling Fragrance Allergens. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/info\/law\/better-regulation\/have-your-say\/initiatives\/2009-Labelling-fragrance-allergens_en."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.11.010","article-title":"New and emerging cosmetic allergens","volume":"29","author":"Davies","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147s","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581812460409","article-title":"Safety assessment of 1,2-glycols as used in cosmetics","volume":"31","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13963","article-title":"Pentylene glycol: An emerging cosmetic allergen?","volume":"86","author":"Corazza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01586.x","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis to ethylhexylglycerin and pentylene glycol","volume":"61","author":"Mortz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12603","article-title":"Case of allergic contact dermatitis due to 1,3-butylene glycol","volume":"41","author":"Aizawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13581","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis due to butylene glycol in cosmetics","volume":"83","author":"Blomberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00046.x","article-title":"Contact dermatitis due to 1,3-butylene glycol","volume":"37","author":"Sugiura","year":"1997","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12546","article-title":"Ethylhexylglycerin: A low-risk, but highly relevant, sensitizer in \u2018hypo-allergenic\u2019 cosmetics","volume":"74","author":"Aerts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0b013e3182a5d8a9","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis from ethylhexylglycerin in sunscreens","volume":"25","author":"Sasseville","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4156","article-title":"Integrated approaches to testing and assessment as a tool for the hazard assessment and risk characterization of cosmetic preservatives","volume":"41","author":"Canavez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12419","article-title":"C12\u201315 alkyl benzoate: A new cosmetic allergen?","volume":"73","author":"Werbrouck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13034","article-title":"Cetearyl isononanoate, an underestimated contact allergen?","volume":"79","author":"Silvestre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12091","article-title":"Contact dermatitis with systemic reactions caused by cetearyl isononanoate","volume":"69","author":"Ito","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12116","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis caused by panthenol in a child","volume":"69","author":"Chin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.02005.x","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis caused by dexpanthenol: Report of two cases","volume":"66","author":"Fernandes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13215","article-title":"Capryloyl glycine: A polyfunctional cosmetic ingredient and potential skin sensitizer","volume":"80","author":"Mangodt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12922","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis resulting from cetyl PEG\/PPG-10\/1 dimethicone in a deodorant cream","volume":"78","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.00943.x","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis to panthenol and cocamidopropyl PG dimonium chloride phosphate in a facial hydrating lotion","volume":"55","author":"Roberts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12872","article-title":"Contact allergy to lanolin: Temporal changes in prevalence and association with atopic dermatitis","volume":"78","author":"Fransen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McFadden, J., Puangpet, P., Pongpairoj, K., Thaiwat, S., and Lee, S.X. (2020). Lanolin. Common Contact Allergens: A Practical Guide to Detecting Contact Dermatitis, Wiley-Blackwell. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119405702"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McFadden, J., Puangpet, P., Pongpairoj, K., Thaiwat, S., and Lee, S.X. (2020). Cetearyl Alcohol. Common Contact Allergens: A Practical Guide to Detecting Contact Dermatitis, Wiley-Blackwell. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119405702"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2011.10086","article-title":"Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Cetyl Alcohol","volume":"22","author":"Aakhus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2005.0407b.x","article-title":"Photoallergic and allergic reaction to 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (sunscreen) and allergy to cetyl alcohol in cosmetic cream","volume":"53","author":"Krecisz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2004.00271j.x","article-title":"Contact dermatitis due to lanoconazole, cetyl alcohol and diethyl sebacate in lanoconazole cream","volume":"50","author":"Soga","year":"2004","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"261","article-title":"Concomitant allergic reaction to cetyl alcohol and crotamiton","volume":"49","author":"Oiso","year":"2003","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000290","article-title":"Alkyl Glucosides: 2017 \u201cAllergen of the Year\u201d","volume":"28","author":"Sasseville","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000240","article-title":"Alkyl Glucosides in Contact Dermatitis","volume":"28","author":"Loranger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115s","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581810364665","article-title":"Final report on the safety assessment of sodium cetearyl sulfate and related alkyl sulfates as used in cosmetics","volume":"29","author":"Fiume","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12968","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis caused by sodium cetearyl sulfate","volume":"78","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2012.01551.x","article-title":"Multicenter study of preservative sensitivity in patients with suspected cosmetic contact dermatitis in Korea","volume":"39","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5s","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581814526893","article-title":"Safety Assessment of Chlorphenesin as Used in Cosmetics","volume":"33","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2005.0483e.x","article-title":"Two cases of facial dermatitis due to chlorphenesin in cosmetics","volume":"52","author":"Brown","year":"2005","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1986.tb01234.x","article-title":"Allergic contact sensitivity to chlorphenesin","volume":"14","author":"Burns","year":"1986","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00331.x","article-title":"Dermatitis from chlorphenesin in a facial cosmetic","volume":"37","author":"Wakelin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12437","article-title":"Contact allergy to chlorphenesin","volume":"29","author":"Elberling","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13829","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis from potassium sorbate and sorbic acid in topical pharmaceuticals and medical devices","volume":"85","author":"Dendooven","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01615.x","article-title":"Formaldehyde-releasers in cosmetics: Relationship to formaldehyde contact allergy","volume":"62","author":"White","year":"2010","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2010.09079","article-title":"Sodium hydroxymethylglycinate","volume":"21","author":"Russell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety) (2022, February 20). Scientific Advice on the Threshold for the Warning \u2018Contains Formaldehyde\u2019 in Annex V, Preamble point 2 for Formaldehyde-Releasing Substances. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/health\/system\/files\/2021-05\/sccs_o_254_0.pdf."},{"key":"ref_80","unstructured":"(2022, January 27). Call for Data on Ingredients with Potential Endocrine-Disrupting Properties Used in Cosmetic Products. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/newsroom\/growth\/items\/702447\/en."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"E50","article-title":"Skin safety and health prevention: An overview of chemicals in cosmetic products","volume":"60","author":"Panico","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Prev. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13968","article-title":"Trends in preservative allergy: Benzisothiazolinone emerges from the pack","volume":"85","author":"King","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01017.x","article-title":"Benzophenone 4: An emerging allergen in cosmetics and toiletries?","volume":"56","author":"Hughes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.09.008","article-title":"Aggregate consumer exposure to UV filter ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate via personal care products","volume":"74","author":"Hungerbuehler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_85","first-page":"E21","article-title":"Ultraviolet filter, fragrance and preservative allergens in New Zealand sunscreens","volume":"63","author":"Roh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aust. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01899.x","article-title":"Clinical and experimental studies of octocrylene\u2019s allergenic potency","volume":"64","author":"Karlsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12205","article-title":"Contact and photocontact allergy to octocrylene: A review","volume":"70","author":"Roberts","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_88","unstructured":"SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety) (2022, February 20). Opinion on Octocrylene (CAS No 6197-30-4, EC No 228-250-8). Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/health\/system\/files\/2021-04\/sccs_o_249_0.pdf."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13308","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis caused by ethylhexyl salicylate with possible cross-reactivity with benzyl salicylate","volume":"81","author":"Dens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13550","article-title":"Natural ingredients in cosmetic products-A suggestion for a screening series for skin allergy","volume":"83","author":"Johansen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoang, H.T., Moon, J.-Y., and Lee, Y.-C. (2021). Natural Antioxidants from Plant Extracts in Skincare Cosmetics: Recent Applications, Challenges and Perspectives. Cosmetics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics8040106"},{"key":"ref_92","first-page":"364","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis due to avena extract","volume":"42","author":"Pazzaglia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01762.x","article-title":"Sensitizing oat extracts in cosmetic creams: Is there an alternative?","volume":"63","author":"Vansina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S1085-5629(08)70005-1","article-title":"Active naturals have a key role in atopic dermatitis","volume":"27","author":"Fowler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_95","first-page":"18","article-title":"Shea butter extract for bioactive skin care","volume":"130","author":"Andersson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cosmet. Toilet."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2011.10118","article-title":"Compositae-associated allergic contact dermatitis from bisabolol","volume":"22","author":"Jacob","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2009.01064.x","article-title":"Reactions to Aquaphor: Is bisabolol the culprit?","volume":"27","author":"Jacob","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13083","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis caused by \u201cRosa mosqueta\u201d oil","volume":"79","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/10915810290169819","article-title":"Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Tocopherol, Tocopheryl Acetate, Tocopheryl Linoleate, Tocopheryl Linoleate\/Oleate, Tocopheryl Nicotinate, Tocopheryl Succinate, Dioleyl Tocopheryl Methylsilanol, Potassium Ascorbyl Tocopheryl Phosphate, and Tocophersolan","volume":"21","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_100","first-page":"38","article-title":"Allergic Contact Dermatitis Syndrome Due to Tocopherol Acetate, in Addition to Glycyrrhetinic Acid","volume":"2","author":"Ohko","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol. Sci. Appl."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01150.x","article-title":"Positive rates to propyl gallate on patch testing: A change in trend","volume":"58","author":"Perez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12193","article-title":"Contact dermatitis caused by ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate in a cream used for the management of atopic dermatitis","volume":"71","author":"Assier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01875.x","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis caused by ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate","volume":"64","author":"Swinnen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13201","article-title":"Contact allergy to 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol in a metalworking fluid","volume":"80","author":"Geier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contact Derm."}],"container-title":["Cosmetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9284\/9\/2\/32\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:38:35Z","timestamp":1760135915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9284\/9\/2\/32"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["cosmetics9020032"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cosmetics9020032","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-9284"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-9284","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]}}}