{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T15:30:55Z","timestamp":1777044655978,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":174,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Crystals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Today is the era of nanoscience and nanotechnology, which find applications in the field of medicine, electronics, and environmental remediation. Even though nanotechnology is in its emerging phase, it continues to provide solutions to numerous challenges. Nanotechnology and nanoparticles are found to be very effective because of their unique chemical and physical properties and high surface area, but their high cost is one of the major hurdles to its wider application. So, the synthesis of nanomaterials, especially 2D nanomaterials from industrial, agricultural, and other biological activities, could provide a cost-effective technique. The nanomaterials synthesized from such waste not only minimize pollution, but also provide an eco-friendly approach towards the utilization of the waste. In the present review work, emphasis has been given to the types of nanomaterials, different methods for the synthesis of 2D nanomaterials from the waste generated from industries, agriculture, and their application in electronics, medicine, and catalysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst11060634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T15:58:44Z","timestamp":1622563124000},"page":"634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Recent Advances on Properties and Utility of Nanomaterials Generated from Industrial and Biological Activities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Virendra Kumar","family":"Yadav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Lifesciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India"},{"name":"School of Nanosciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, Gujarat, India"}]},{"given":"Parth","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nanosciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, Gujarat, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8883-9019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afzal Husain","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan 114, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Priti Raj","family":"Pandit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioxcentre, IIT-Mandi, Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3467-8704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd Abul","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 394, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6908-1596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina M. S.","family":"Cabral-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geobiotec Research Centre, Department of Geoscience, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5060-0018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saiful","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 394, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Suriyaprabha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nanosciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, Gujarat, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4228-2726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishna Kumar","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal 462044, Madhya Pradesh, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7558-7369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro A.","family":"Dinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Department of Earth Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua, Silvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8903-6653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samreen Heena","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nanosciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, Gujarat, India"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Diniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geobiotec Research Centre, Department of Geoscience, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1520\/JAI13110","article-title":"Nanotechnology\u2014An Introduction for the Standards","volume":"2","author":"Mansoori","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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