{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T07:46:52Z","timestamp":1768895212161,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa","award":["FDK-2017-27009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDK-2017-27009"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa","award":["T026\/13092005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T026\/13092005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Crystals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Crystal morphology is controlled by several physicochemical parameters such as the temperature, pressure, cooling rate, nucleation, diffusion, volatile composition, and viscosity. The development of different crystal morphologies is observed as a function of the cooling rate in many different rock types (i.e., glassy volcanic rocks, and archeometallurgical slags). Crystallization is a two-stage kinetic process that begins with the formation of a nucleus and then continues with the accumulation of ions on it. The shapes of the crystals depend on the degree of undercooling (\u0394T), and euhedral crystals, having characteristic forms that reflect their crystallographic internal structure, that grow just below their liquidus temperature. In this study, crystal morphologies in different minerals (e.g., quartz, sanidine, olivine, pyroxene, magnetite, etc.) that had developed in silicic volcanic rocks (spherulites) and slags from ancient mining were investigated and characterized using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Raman, and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (SEM-EDX) spectroscopic techniques. Depending on the increase in the cooling rate, quartz, feldspar, olivine, pyroxene, and magnetite minerals were found to crystallize in subhedral, skeletal, dendritic, spherical, bow-tie and fibrous forms in glassy volcanic rocks and archeometallurgical slags.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst13071130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T21:20:14Z","timestamp":1689801614000},"page":"1130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Crystallization Kinetics: Relationship between Crystal Morphology and the Cooling Rate\u2014Applications for Different Geological Materials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9669-7305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nam\u0131k","family":"Aysal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Engineering Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa, 34555 Istanbul, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Yi\u011fit","family":"Kurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute, Istanbul University, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey"}]},{"given":"H\u00fcseyin","family":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Engineering Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa, 34555 Istanbul, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7827-5050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulce Ogruc","family":"Ildiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Istanbul Kultur University, 34197 Istanbul, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Yesiltas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Aeronautics and Space Sciences, K\u0131rklareli University, 39100 K\u0131rklareli, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Davut","family":"La\u00e7in","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Engineering Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa, 34555 Istanbul, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Sinan","family":"\u00d6ngen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Engineering Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa, 34555 Istanbul, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0907-5936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timur","family":"Nikitin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQC-IMS\u2014Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8264-6854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Fausto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Istanbul Kultur University, 34197 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"CQC-IMS\u2014Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/pol.1959.1203913510","article-title":"The Optical Behavior of Spherulites in Crystalline Polymers. 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