{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T18:33:41Z","timestamp":1777228421441,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Barretos Cancer Hospital","award":["TT3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TT3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The molecular evolution of medulloblastoma is more complex than previously imagined, as emerging evidence suggests that multiple interactions between the tumor cells and components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) are important for tumor promotion and progression. The identification of several molecular networks within the TME, which interact with tumoral cells, has provided new clues to understand the tumorigenic roles of many TME components as well as potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss the most recent studies regarding the roles of astrocytes in supporting sonic hedgehog (SHH) subgroup medulloblastoma (MB) and provide an overview of MB progression through SHH expression and signal transduction mechanisms into the complex tumor microenvironment. In addition, we highlight the associations between tumor and stromal cells as possible prognostic markers that could be targeted with new therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol28040267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T08:35:52Z","timestamp":1628670952000},"page":"3058-3070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Decoding the Roles of Astrocytes and Hedgehog Signaling in Medulloblastoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Terence Teixeira","family":"Duarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2462-8535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia Aparecida","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Gonzalez-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MCBS Department, School of Medicine, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9639-7940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui Manuel","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil"},{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1002\/mpo.10121","article-title":"Incidence and trends in pediatric malignancies medulloblastoma\/primitive neuroectodermal tumor: A SEER update","volume":"39","author":"McNeil","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med. 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