{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T19:09:11Z","timestamp":1770836951590,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN) under the project CVAgrobiodiversity\/333111699"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN) under the project CVAgrobiodiversity\/333111699"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diversity"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The flora and vegetation of the archipelago of Cabo Verde is dominated by Macaronesian, Mediterranean, and particularly by African tropical elements, resulting from its southernmost location, when compared to the other islands of the Macaronesia (i.e., Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, and Canary Islands). Very likely, such a geographical position entailed higher susceptibility to extreme climatic fluctuations, namely those associated with the West African Monsoon oscillations. These fluctuations led to a continuous aridification, which is a clear trend shown by most recent studies based on continental shelf cores. Promoting important environmental shifts, such climatic fluctuations are accepted as determinant to explain the current spatial distribution patterns of taxa, as well as the composition of the plant communities. In this paper, we present a comprehensive characterization of the main plant communities in Cabo Verde, and we discuss the role of the climatic and topoclimatic diversity in shaping the vegetation composition and distribution of this archipelago. Our study reveals a strong variation in the diversity of plant communities across elevation gradients and distinct patterns of richness among plant communities. Moreover, we present an overview of the biogeographical relationships of the Cabo Verde flora and vegetation with the other Macaronesian Islands and northwestern Africa. We discuss how the distribution of plant communities and genetic patterns found among most of the endemic lineages can be related to Africa\u2019s ongoing aridification, exploring the impacts of a process that marks northern Africa from the Late Miocene until the present.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/d12020080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]],"date-time":"2020-02-20T03:20:03Z","timestamp":1582168803000},"page":"80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The Role of Climate and Topography in Shaping the Diversity of Plant Communities in Cabo Verde Islands"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0912-0255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Neto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Geographical Studies, Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning (IGOT), Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Branca Edm\u00e9e Marques, 1600-276 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7619-840X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0142-4764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albano","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning (CEGOT), Department Geography and Tourism, University of Coimbra, Col\u00e9gio de S\u00e3o Jer\u00f3nimo, 3004-530 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7634-6927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Capelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7423-119X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isildo","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento Agr\u00e1rio (INIDA), Santiago, S\u00e3o Louren\u00e7o dos Org\u00e3os CP 84, Cape Verde"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0475-6724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Vit\u00f3ria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus do Palmarejo, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de Cabo Verde, CP 279, Praia, Santiago CP 279, Cape Verde"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Maria","family":"Semedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus do Palmarejo, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de Cabo Verde, CP 279, Praia, Santiago CP 279, Cape Verde"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9357-7639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Geographical Studies, Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning (IGOT), Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Branca Edm\u00e9e Marques, 1600-276 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2674-5591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herculano","family":"Dinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dire\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional do Ambiente (DNA-CV) &amp; Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Projecto Vit\u00f3, CP 47, Xaguate, S. Filipe, Ilha do Fogo CP47, Cape Verde"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4026-7020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezequiel","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Geographical Studies, Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning (IGOT), Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Branca Edm\u00e9e Marques, 1600-276 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3823-4369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9373-6302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria M.","family":"Romeiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8543","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1417655112","article-title":"West African monsoon dynamics inferred from abrupt fluctuations of Lake Mega-Chad","volume":"112","author":"Armitage","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. 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