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NU2GGH001874-02-00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diversity"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Potential arboviral Afrotropical mosquito vectors are underrepresented in public databases of CoxI barcode sequences. Furthermore, available CoxI sequences for many species are often not associated with voucher specimens to match the corresponding fine morphological characterization of specimens. Hence, this study focused on the characterization of Culicine mosquitoes from South Africa, Mozambique, and Angola and their classification using a complementary approach including a morphological analysis of specimens\u2019 genitalia and phylogenetic study based on the analysis of CoxI barcode sequences using maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic inference methods, alongside Median-Joining Network and PCOORD analyses. Overall, 800 mosquitoes (652 males and 148 females) from 67 species, were analyzed. Genitalia from 663 specimens allowed the identification of 55 species of 10 genera. A total of 247 CoxI partial gene sequences corresponding to 65 species were obtained, 11 of which (Aedes\u00a0capensis, Ae.\u00a0mucidus, Culex\u00a0andersoni, Cx.\u00a0telesilla, Cx.\u00a0inconspicuosus, Eretmapodites\u00a0subsimplicipes, Er.\u00a0quinquevittatus, Ficalbia\u00a0uniformis, Mimomyia\u00a0hispida, Uranotaenia\u00a0alboabdominalis, and Ur.\u00a0mashonaensis) are, to the best of our knowledge, provided here for the first time. The presence of Cx. pipiens ecotypes molestus and pipiens and their hybrids, as well as Cx. infula, is newly reported in the Afrotropical region. The rates of correct sequence identification using BOLD and BLASTn (\u226595% identity) were 64% and 53%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that, except for subgenus Eumelanomyia of Culex, there was support for tribes Aedini, Culicini, Ficalbiini, and Mansoniini. A divergence &gt;2% was observed in conspecific sequences, e.g., Aedeomyia africana, Ae.\u00a0cumminsii, Ae. unilineatus, Ae. metallicus, Ae.\u00a0furcifer, Ae.\u00a0caballus, and Mansonia\u00a0uniformis. Conversely, sequences from groups and species complexes, namely, Ae.\u00a0simpsoni, Ae.\u00a0mcintoshi, Cx.\u00a0bitaeniorhynchus, Cx.\u00a0simpsoni, and Cx.\u00a0pipiens were insufficiently separated. A contribution has been made to the barcode library of Afrotropical mosquitoes with associated genitalia morphological identifications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/d14110940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T03:11:21Z","timestamp":1667445081000},"page":"940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Morphological and Molecular Characterization Using Genitalia and CoxI Barcode Sequence Analysis of Afrotropical Mosquitoes with Arbovirus Vector Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3784-5827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eddyson","family":"Montalvo-Sabino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (IHMT), NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Escuela Acad\u00e9mico Profesional de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdiz\u00e1n, Huanuco 10003, Peru"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Ab\u00edlio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS), Marracuene 3943, Mozambique"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0737-1483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milehna Mara","family":"Guarido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoonotic Arbo- and Respiratory Virus Program, Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0031, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Valadas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (IHMT), NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Novo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (IHMT), NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0150-7554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayubo","family":"Kampango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS), Marracuene 3943, Mozambique"},{"name":"Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Carla Alexandra","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (IHMT), NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Fafetine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM), Maputo 3453, Mozambique"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2696-824X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marietjie","family":"Venter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoonotic Arbo- and Respiratory Virus Program, Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0031, South Africa"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2268-9748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter N.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Braack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Consortium, Mahidol University, Bangkok 73170, Thailand"},{"name":"UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0031, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Anthony John","family":"Cornel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosquito Control Research Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology and Vector Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California at Davis, 9240 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4832-9898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Parreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (IHMT), NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0751-4488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Paulo Gouveia","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (IHMT), NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wilkerson, R., Linton, Y.-M., and Strickman, D. 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