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introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS) is one of the major threats to the integrity of European coastal ecosystems. DNA-based assessments have been increasingly adopted for monitoring NIS. However, the accuracy of DNA-based taxonomic assignments is largely dependent on the completion and reliability of DNA barcode reference libraries. As such, we aimed to compile and audit a DNA barcode reference library for marine invertebrate NIS occurring in Europe. To do so, we compiled a list of NIS using three databases: the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN), the Information System on Aquatic Non-indigenous and Cryptogenic Species (AquaNIS), and the World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS). For each species, we retrieved the available cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mitochondrial gene sequences from the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) and used the Barcode, Audit &amp; Grade System (BAGS) to check congruence between morphospecies names and Barcode Index Numbers (BINs). From the 1249 species compiled, approximately 42% had records on BOLD, among which 56% were discordant. We further analyzed these cases to determine the causes of the discordances and attributed additional annotation tags. Of the 622 discordant BINs, after revision, 35% were successfully solved, which increased the number of NIS detected in metabarcoding datasets from 12 to 16. However, a fair number of BINs remained discordant. Reliability of reference barcode records is particularly critical in the case of NIS, where erroneous identification may trigger action or inaction when not required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/d15020174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T01:27:58Z","timestamp":1674782878000},"page":"174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Compilation, Revision, and Annotation of DNA Barcodes of Marine Invertebrate Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) Occurring in European Coastal Regions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ana S.","family":"Lavrador","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o T.","family":"Fontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4880-3323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro E.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5398-3942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe O.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0181-0676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/387253a0","article-title":"The value of the world\u2019s ecosystem services and natural capital","volume":"387","author":"Costanza","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1059199","article-title":"Historical Overfishing and the Recent Collapse of Coastal Ecosystems","volume":"293","author":"Jackson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1038\/368619a0","article-title":"Coastal eutrophication near the Mississipi river Delta","volume":"368","author":"Turner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rilov, G., and Crooks, J.A. 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