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Lamouroux is a genus of green macroalgae belonging to the family Caulerpaceae in the order Bryopsidales. The genus comprises 104 currently accepted species, of which 51 have been recorded from Pacific Islands. Among these islands, French Polynesia is found in the middle of the South Pacific Ocean and includes five archipelagos (i.e., the Austral, Gambier, Marquesas, Society, and Tuamotu Islands) where seaweed inventories have reported a total of 16 Caulerpa species so far based on morphology. Here, based on a sampling covering the five archipelagos of French Polynesia, we attempt to (i) verify the taxonomy of Caulerpa species present in these regions based on phylogeny, (ii) describe in more detail the specific diversity between the five archipelagos, and (iii) provide a morphological identification tool for these species. We successfully obtained 134 new tufA sequences for phylogenetic analyses, which corresponded to 13 species. We propose to resurrect C. pickeringii Harvey &amp; Bailey for representatives of C. webbiana var. pickeringii and classify it in the Caulerpa subgenus Araucarioideae. We also transfer C. seuratii to C. pickeringii based on genetic results. A new morphological identification key is provided as well as an updated distribution of Caulerpa species across French Polynesia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/d16040243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T07:55:54Z","timestamp":1713426954000},"page":"243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Taxonomic Insights into Caulerpa (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) Species in French Polynesia: Confirmation of 13 Species and Reinstatement of C. pickeringii Harvey &amp; Bailey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Lagourgue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche Ecologie Marine Tropicale des Oc\u00e9ans Pacifique et Indien (Institut de Recherche Pour le D\u00e9veloppement, Universit\u00e9 de la R\u00e9union, Universit\u00e9 de Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie, Institut Fran\u00e7ais de Recherche Pour l\u2019Exploitation de la Mer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Institut de Recherche Pour le D\u00e9veloppement, B.P. A5, 98848 Noum\u00e9a Cedex, New Caledonia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9169-6925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Sauvage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithsonian Marine Station at Ft. Pierce, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA"}]},{"given":"Mayalen","family":"Zubia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche Ecosyst\u00e8mes Insulaires Oc\u00e9aniens (Universit\u00e9 de Polyn\u00e9sie-Fran\u00e7aise, Institut de Recherche Pour le D\u00e9veloppement, Institut Fran\u00e7ais de Recherche pour l\u2019Exploitation de la Mer, Institut Louis Malard\u00e9), University of French Polynesia, BP6570 Faa\u2019a, Tahiti, French Polynesia"}]},{"given":"Stefano G. A.","family":"Draisma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Excellence Center for Biodiversity of Peninsular Thailand, Science Faculty, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5035-0426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Aschwin","family":"Engelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias do Mar (CCMAR), Campus de Gambles, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Claude E.","family":"Payri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche Ecologie Marine Tropicale des Oc\u00e9ans Pacifique et Indien (Institut de Recherche Pour le D\u00e9veloppement, Universit\u00e9 de la R\u00e9union, Universit\u00e9 de Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie, Institut Fran\u00e7ais de Recherche Pour l\u2019Exploitation de la Mer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Institut de Recherche Pour le D\u00e9veloppement, B.P. A5, 98848 Noum\u00e9a Cedex, New Caledonia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Guiry, M.D., and Guiry, G.G. (2023, November 06). AlgaeBase. World-Wide Electronic Publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Available online: http:\/\/www.algaebase.org."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1111\/jpy.12231","article-title":"Re-Assessment of the Infra-Generic Classification of the Genus Caulerpa (Caulerpaceae, Chlorophyta) Inferred from a Time-Calibrated Molecular Phylogeny","volume":"50","author":"Draisma","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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