{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T04:49:58Z","timestamp":1776314998087,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014986","name":"Austrian Partnership Programme in Higher Education and Research for Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MPC-2021-01836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MPC-2021-01836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014986","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014986","name":"Austrian Partnership Programme in Higher Education and Research for Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0894-01\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0894-01\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014986","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014986","name":"Austrian Partnership Programme in Higher Education and Research for Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3446568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3446568"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014986","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Austrian Agency for International Cooperation","award":["MPC-2021-01836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MPC-2021-01836"]}]},{"name":"the Austrian Agency for International Cooperation","award":["0894-01\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0894-01\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the Austrian Agency for International Cooperation","award":["3446568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3446568"]}]},{"name":"BOKU University through its Institutional Open Access Program with the publisher","award":["MPC-2021-01836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MPC-2021-01836"]}]},{"name":"BOKU University through its Institutional Open Access Program with the publisher","award":["0894-01\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0894-01\/2020"]}]},{"name":"BOKU University through its Institutional Open Access Program with the publisher","award":["3446568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3446568"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diversity"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the importance of Nile tilapia as a main aquaculture species in Uganda, limited research has been conducted concerning its genetic diversity, particularly in farmed populations. This gap has hindered the development of a systematic breeding program for this species. Successful aquaculture development, especially for genetic improvement, relies on the diversity and purity of wild and farmed populations as germplasm sources for selective breeding. Using microsatellite markers, the current study evaluated the genetic diversity of 480 samples collected from 20 populations of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Uganda. All the populations exhibited a higher expected heterozygosity (0.50 \u00b1 0.01) than observed heterozygosity (0.42 \u00b1 0.01), although this was not significantly different. Populations from ponds showed lower FST values (&lt;0.001), an indication of lower genetic differentiation. The populations formed four main clusters; the first comprising of mainly cages (Pal and Busana), the second with cages: Katosi and SON in addition to Rocks hatchery, the third comprised of Bawe cage fish farm and Tendo hatchery, and the fourth were populations from ponds and beaches on Lake Victoria. Given the higher genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of Tendo and Rocks populations, these farms would provide potential candidates for the development of local strains in Uganda. These results provide more insights into the management of local Nile tilapia strains towards reduction of inbreeding levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/d17020128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T08:01:19Z","timestamp":1739433679000},"page":"128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Genetic Diversity and Population Differentiation of Farmed Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) to Advance Selective Breeding in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Gerald","family":"Kwikiriza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Nature Conservation Research, Department of Ecosystem Management, Climate and Biodiversity, BOKU University, Gregor-Mendel-Stra\u00dfe 33, 1080 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda"},{"name":"Kachwekano Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Kabale P.O. Box 421, Uganda"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Abaho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bulindi Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Hoima P.O. Box 101, Uganda"}]},{"given":"Papius Dias","family":"Tibihika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquaculture Research and Development Center, National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI), National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Kampala P.O. Box 530, Uganda"}]},{"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Izaara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mukono Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Mukono P.O. Box 164, Uganda"}]},{"given":"Faith","family":"Atukwatse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0175-1055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"Omara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda"}]},{"given":"Juliet K.","family":"Nattabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0830-7563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasser","family":"Kasozi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Buginyanya Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Mbale P.O. Box 1356, Uganda"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Curto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0358-2096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Melcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Development Research, Department of Agricultural Sciences, BOKU University, Gregor-Mendel-Stra\u00dfe 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Meimberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Nature Conservation Research, Department of Ecosystem Management, Climate and Biodiversity, BOKU University, Gregor-Mendel-Stra\u00dfe 33, 1080 Vienna, Austria"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2024.741793","article-title":"What is happening to the European Union aquaculture production? 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