{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T15:43:55Z","timestamp":1762875835892,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]],"date-time":"2016-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/88854\/2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/88854\/2012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"PVE\/CAPES","award":["Proposal 235453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Proposal 235453"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diversity"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Norway rats are a globally distributed invasive species, which have colonized many islands around the world, including in the South Atlantic Ocean. We investigated the phylogeography of Norway rats across the South Atlantic Ocean and bordering continental countries. We identified haplotypes from 517 bp of the hypervariable region I of the mitochondrial D-loop and constructed a Bayesian consensus tree and median-joining network incorporating all other publicly available haplotypes via an alignment of 364 bp. Three Norway rat haplotypes are present across the islands of the South Atlantic Ocean, including multiple haplotypes separated by geographic barriers within island groups. All three haplotypes have been previously recorded from European countries. Our results support the hypothesis of rapid Norway rat colonization of South Atlantic Ocean islands by sea-faring European nations from multiple European ports of origin. This seems to have been the predominant pathway for repeated Norway rat invasions of islands, even within the same archipelago, rather than within-island dispersal across geographic barriers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/d8040032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,23]],"date-time":"2016-12-23T04:09:09Z","timestamp":1482466149000},"page":"32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Phylogeography of Rattus norvegicus in the South Atlantic Ocean"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2960-6212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Hingston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Poncet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antarctic Research Trust, P.O. Box 685, Stanley FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Passfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beaver Island LandCare, P.O. Box 538, Stanley FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Tabak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology &amp; Physiology Department, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Laramie, WY 82071, USA"},{"name":"Quantitative Science Consulting, LLC, 765 N. 10th St., Laramie, WY 82072, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3702-4631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Gabriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1749-016, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Piertney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"487","article-title":"Evolutionary biology of the genus Rattus: Profile of an archetypal rodent pest","volume":"96","author":"Aplin","year":"2003","journal-title":"ACIAR Monogr. 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