{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:39:13Z","timestamp":1770748753845,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EU Recovery and Resilience Plan"},{"name":"CASEUS: Combined use of renewAble energy sources to improve energy efficiency in cheeSE indUStry","award":["RRP-C05-i03-I-000249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRP-C05-i03-I-000249"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia I.P."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"R&D Unit GEOBIOTEC\u2014GeoBioCi\u00eancias, GeoTecnologias e GeoEngenharias","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54499\/UIDB\/04035\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54499\/UIDB\/04035\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"CREATE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/06107\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/06107\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"R&D unit MED"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Associate Laboratory CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54499\/LA\/P\/0121\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54499\/LA\/P\/0121\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dairy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Improving the energy efficiency of traditional production methods while preserving their cultural and economic value is a challenge aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 agenda. Refrigeration during cheese maturation is particularly energy-intensive, contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and operating costs. An approach to make traditional cheese production more sustainable, through the development of a prototype ripening chamber with a natural refrigerant-based refrigeration system powered by renewable energy was studied. A dedicated system based on an Internet of Things architecture was developed using low-cost sensors, microcontroller units, and single-board computers to enable real-time measurement and monitoring of environmental variables and energy consumption throughout the ripening process. A comparative analysis was conducted using ewe\u2019s milk cheese, produced and ripened with Protected Designation of Origin conditions, in both the prototype and the conventional chambers over four weeks, quantifying energy consumption and evaluating product quality. Results demonstrate the technical feasibility of energy efficient and sustainable refrigeration systems, as well as the possibility of retrofitting installed cheese ripening chambers with affordable IoT monitoring systems, while maintaining traditional cheese quality standards.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dairy6060063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T05:28:43Z","timestamp":1761888523000},"page":"63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Energy Sustainability in the Ripening of Traditional Cheese: Renewable Energy Sources and Internet of Things Based Energy Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8624-4636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o M.","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus do Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, Polytechnic University of Beja, Rua Pedro Soares, Apartado 6155, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"CREATE (Center for Sci-Tech Research in EArth sysTem and Energy), Institute for Advanced Studies and Research (IIFA), University of \u00c9vora, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"CREATE, Polytechnic University of Beja Campus, Rua Pedro Soares, Apartado 6155, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7181-6408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o M.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UnIRE, Unit for Innovation and Research in Engineering, ISEL, Polytechnic University of Lisbon, R. Conselheiro Em\u00eddio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"MARE-IPS, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Escola Superior de Tecnologia, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, Campus do IPS\u2013Estefanilha, 2910-761 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5108-0018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus do Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, Polytechnic University of Beja, Rua Pedro Soares, Apartado 6155, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal"},{"name":"MED Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development and CHANGE Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Institute, Caparica Campus, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Monte da Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4567-7416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o C.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus do Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, Polytechnic University of Beja, Rua Pedro Soares, Apartado 6155, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal"},{"name":"CREATE (Center for Sci-Tech Research in EArth sysTem and Energy), Institute for Advanced Studies and Research (IIFA), University of \u00c9vora, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"CREATE, Polytechnic University of Beja Campus, Rua Pedro Soares, Apartado 6155, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0625-0687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Alvarenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Institute, Caparica Campus, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Monte da Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research, INIAV, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5814-0490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa M.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Institute, Caparica Campus, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Monte da Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research, INIAV, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus do Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, Polytechnic University of Beja, Rua Pedro Soares, Apartado 6155, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2353-1827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina","family":"Silv\u00e9rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus do Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, Polytechnic University of Beja, Rua Pedro Soares, Apartado 6155, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0505-1443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research, INIAV, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4106-5367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research, INIAV, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, 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