{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T10:50:43Z","timestamp":1761648643334,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"City of Vienna MA23","award":["35-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["35-4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Designs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) have been interpreted in many\u2014and often conflicting\u2014ways. We recast PEDs as a vehicle for verifiable climate neutrality and present a declaration-ready assessment that integrates (i) a cumulative, science-based GHG budget per m2 gross floor area (GFA), (ii) full life-cycle accounting, and (iii) time-resolved conversion factors that include everyday motorized individual mobility and quantify flexibility. Two KPIs anchor the framework: the cumulative GHG LCA balance (2025\u20132075) against a maximum compliant budget of 320 kgCO2e\u00b7m\u22122GFA and the annual primary energy balance used to declare PED status with or without mobility. We follow EN 15978 and apply time-resolved emission factors that decline to zero by 2050. Its applicability is demonstrated on six Austrian districts spanning new builds and renovations, diverse energy systems, densities, and mobility contexts. The baseline scenarios show heterogeneous outcomes\u2014only two out of six meet both the cumulative GHG budget and the positive primary energy balance\u2014but design iterations indicate that all six districts can reach the targets with realistic, ambitious packages (e.g., high energy efficiency and flexibility, local renewables, ecological building materials, BESS\/V2G, and mobility electrification). Hourly emission factors and flexibility signals can lower import-weighted emission intensity versus monthly or annual factors by up to 15% and reveal seasonal import\u2013export asymmetries. Built on transparent, auditable rules and open tooling, this framework both diagnoses performance gaps and maps credible pathways to compliance\u2014steering PED design away from project-specific targets toward verifiable climate neutrality. It now serves as the basis for the national labeling\/declaration scheme klimaaktiv \u201cClimate-Neutral Positive Energy Districts\u201d.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/designs9060123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T09:16:07Z","timestamp":1761642967000},"page":"123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Declaration-Ready Climate-Neutral PEDs: Budget-Based, Hourly LCA Including Mobility and Flexibility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2862-7414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Schneider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, 1200 Vienna, Austria"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Zelger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, 1200 Vienna, Austria"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Drexel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, 1200 Vienna, Austria"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Schindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, 1200 Vienna, Austria"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Krainer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, 1200 Vienna, Austria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0297-4709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, INESC-TEC, UTAD\u2019s Pole, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (2025, October 10). 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