{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T13:53:52Z","timestamp":1768744432935,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EyeFundusScopeNEO: Demonstration of EyeFundusScope with Non-Expert Ophthalmology Users, cofounded by Portugal 2020, framed under the Operational Program Competitiveness and Internationalization (COMPETE 2020) and European Regional Development Fund from Eu","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-038400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-038400"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Screening diabetic retinopathy, a major cause of blindness, is time-consuming for ophthalmologists and has some constrains in achieving full coverage and attendance. The handheld fundus camera EyeFundusScope was recently developed to expand the scale of screening, drawing on images acquired in primary care and telescreening made by ophthalmologists or a computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) system. This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the interpretation of images captured using EyeFundusScope and perform its technical evaluation, including image quality, functionality, usability, and acceptance in a real-world clinical setting. Physicians and nurses without training in ophthalmology will use EyeFundusScope to take pictures of the retinas of patients with diabetes and the images will be classified for the presence or absence of diabetic retinopathy and image quality by a panel of ophthalmologists. A subgroup of patients will also be examined with the reference standard tabletop fundus camera. Screening results provided by the CADx system on images taken with EyeFundusScope will be compared against the ophthalmologists\u2019 analysis of images taken with the tabletop fundus camera. Diagnostic accuracy measures with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) will be calculated for positive and negative test results. Proportion of each category of image quality will be presented. Usability and acceptance results will be presented qualitatively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diabetology3010001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T20:42:16Z","timestamp":1641415336000},"page":"1-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Implementation and Evaluation of a Mobile Retinal Image Acquisition System for Screening Diabetic Retinopathy: Study Protocol"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"R\u00eago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Portugal Research Center for Assistive Information and Communication Solutions (Fraunhofer AICOS), Rua Alfredo Allen 455-461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Matilde","family":"Monteiro-Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Portuguese Red Cross School of Health Lisbon, Jardim 9 de Abril, 1-5, 1249-083 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Dutra-Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Central Lisbon Hospital Center, Rua Jos\u00e9 Ant\u00f3nio Serrano, 1150-199 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos M\u00e1rtires da P\u00e1tria 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP), Rua Rodrigo da Fonseca 1, 1250-189 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Portuguese Retina Institute, Av. das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas 29, 1600-531 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos M\u00e1rtires da P\u00e1tria 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2881-313X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Portugal Research Center for Assistive Information and Communication Solutions (Fraunhofer AICOS), Rua Alfredo Allen 455-461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9356-3272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Camila","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Portugal Research Center for Assistive Information and Communication Solutions (Fraunhofer AICOS), Rua Alfredo Allen 455-461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy: Early diagnosis and effective treatment","volume":"107","author":"Kollias","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dtsch. 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