{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T11:02:04Z","timestamp":1762254124763,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50014\/2020","UIDB\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50014\/2020","UIDB\/50008\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy characterized by irreversible damage to the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), resulting in changes in the visual field (VC). Glaucoma screening is performed through a complete ophthalmological examination, using images of the optic papilla obtained in vivo for the evaluation of glaucomatous characteristics, eye pressure, and visual field. Identifying the glaucomatous papilla is quite important, as optical papillary images are considered the gold standard for tracking. Therefore, this article presents a review of the diagnostic methods used to identify the glaucomatous papilla through technology over the last five years. Based on the analyzed works, the current state-of-the-art methods are identified, the current challenges are analyzed, and the shortcomings of these methods are investigated, especially from the point of view of automation and independence in performing these measurements. Finally, the topics for future work and the challenges that need to be solved are proposed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12040935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T12:11:14Z","timestamp":1649419874000},"page":"935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Comprehensive Review of Methods and Equipment for Aiding Automatic Glaucoma Tracking"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2207-0897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Camara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Aberta, 1250-100 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ci\u00eancia, 3200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4132-3186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ci\u00eancia, 3200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3394-6762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan Miguel","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4957-9477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Vanessa","family":"Villasana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Cova da Beira, 6200-251 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"UICISA:E Research Centre, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7664-0168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eftim","family":"Zdravevski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3458-7693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ci\u00eancia, 3200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16685","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35044-9","article-title":"Performance of Deep Learning Architectures and Transfer Learning for Detecting Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy in Fundus Photographs","volume":"8","author":"Christopher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. 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