{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:11:14Z","timestamp":1767831074902,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["CPCA\/A0\/7363\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPCA\/A0\/7363\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is an alternative for patients unwilling or with contraindications for conventional colonoscopy. Colorectal cancer screening may benefit greatly from widespread acceptance of a non-invasive tool such as CCE. However, reviewing CCE exams is a time-consuming process, with risk of overlooking important lesions. We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm using a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for automatic detection of colonic protruding lesions in CCE images. An anonymized database of CCE images collected from a total of 124 patients was used. This database included images of patients with colonic protruding lesions or patients with normal colonic mucosa or with other pathologic findings. A total of 5715 images were extracted for CNN development. Two image datasets were created and used for training and validation of the CNN. The AUROC for detection of protruding lesions was 0.99. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 90.0%, 99.1%, 98.6% and 93.2%, respectively. The overall accuracy of the network was 95.3%. The developed deep learning algorithm accurately detected protruding lesions in CCE images. The introduction of AI technology to CCE may increase its diagnostic accuracy and acceptance for screening of colorectal neoplasia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12061445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T09:26:48Z","timestamp":1655026008000},"page":"1445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Performance of a Deep Learning System for Automatic Diagnosis of Protruding Lesions in Colon Capsule Endoscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0340-0830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Mascarenhas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9lder","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4310-2915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o P. S.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEGI\u2014Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel Mascarenhas","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ManopH Gastroenterology Clinic, Rua S\u00e1 da Bandeira 752, 4000-432 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-944832","article-title":"Evaluation of the PillCam Colon capsule in the detection of colonic pathology: Results of the first multicenter, prospective, comparative study","volume":"38","author":"Eliakim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1215360","article-title":"Prospective multicenter performance evaluation of the second-generation colon capsule compared with colonoscopy","volume":"41","author":"Eliakim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2016.05.013","article-title":"Factors predicting adverse events associated with therapeutic colonoscopy for colorectal neoplasia: A retrospective nationwide study in Japan","volume":"84","author":"Niikura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastrointest. 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