{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T18:48:02Z","timestamp":1775069282729,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,8]],"date-time":"2023-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Because most of the recognized causes of superior gluteal nerve (SGN) injury are iatrogenic, detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the SGN is crucial to prevent its injury associated with surgical procedures. This study aims to describe the precise location of SGN or its branches at the greater sciatic foramen, measure the distances of these neural structures to palpable bony landmarks, and evaluate the possible correlation between these parameters and pelvis size. Twenty human cadaveric hemipelvises were studied. After dissection to expose the SGN or its branches at the greater sciatic foramen, the distances from these neural structures to the greater trochanter (GT), to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), to the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS), to the ischial tuberosity (IT), and to the greater sciatic notch apex were measured. We found that at the greater sciatic foramen, the SGN emerges as a common trunk in 75% of hemipelvises, and already divided in its superior and inferior branches in 25% of hemipelvises. When the SGN exits the pelvis as a common trunk, it does so, in most cases, in contact with the bone at the apex of the greater sciatic notch or superior to the level of the apex. The median distance from the SGN at the greater sciatic notch to the PSIS, ASIS, GT and IT is 7.6 cm, 10.9 cm, 7.5 cm and 10.8 cm, respectively. We found a positive correlation between some of the analyzed parameters and the size of the pelvis. The anatomical data of this study may serve as pivotal guides during orthopedic pelvic surgery, contributing to minimize SNG iatrogenic lesions with significant implications in the patient\u2019s quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13142314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:47:35Z","timestamp":1688950055000},"page":"2314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Superior Gluteal Nerve Anatomy and Its Injuries: Aiming for a More Secure Surgical Approach of the Pelvic Region"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9 R.","family":"Pinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Orthopaedics and Traumathology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria J.","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedics and Traumathology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5976-7316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Lixa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedics and Traumathology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1018-0810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel R.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedics and Traumathology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedics and Traumathology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Nery-Monterroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mariana C.","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9lio","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Dulce","family":"Madeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro A.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1159\/000147581","article-title":"Origin, course and distribution of the superior gluteal nerve","volume":"149","author":"Akita","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Anat."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01627679","article-title":"The surgical anatomy of the superior gluteal nerve and anatomical radiologic bases of the direct lateral approach to the hip","volume":"16","author":"Bos","year":"1994","journal-title":"Surg. 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