{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T07:04:14Z","timestamp":1778569454665,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite significant advances in diagnosis and treatment, the global burden of CVD remains high, underscoring the crucial need for more effective and comprehensive prevention strategies. This narrative overview aims to critically evaluate the current pillars of cardiovascular prevention, identify the gaps in approaches and outline promising future directions. Challenges and barriers in lifestyle adherence and pharmacological management are addressed, while the increasing role of non-traditional and emerging risk factors is discussed. Future directions include maximizing the value of digital health to improve patient engagement and adherence, adopting precision medicine to refine risk stratification and implementing public health policies for population-level interventions. The optimization of cardiovascular prevention requires a multi-level approach that integrates clinical strategies with personalized solutions and environmental policies to ultimately reduce the global impact of CVD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16010016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T07:01:33Z","timestamp":1766386893000},"page":"16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cardiovascular Prevention: Current Gaps and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4736-5221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9lder","family":"Dores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital da Luz Lisboa, Luz Sa\u00fade, 1600-209 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CHRC\u2014Comprehensive Health Research Center, Associate Laboratory REAL (LA-REAL), 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"NOVA Medical School, NOVA University Lisbon, 1069-061 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CoLab Trials, 7000-811 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8690-3523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Ferreira Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital da Luz Set\u00fabal, Luz Sa\u00fade, 2900-722 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"},{"name":"Cat\u00f3lica Medical School, Sintra Campus, Estrada Oct\u00e1vio Pato, 2635-631 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4014-5450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital da Luz Lisboa, Luz Sa\u00fade, 1600-209 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Cat\u00f3lica Medical School, Sintra Campus, Estrada Oct\u00e1vio Pato, 2635-631 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro de Ara\u00fajo","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital da Luz Lisboa, Luz Sa\u00fade, 1600-209 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CHRC\u2014Comprehensive Health Research Center, Associate Laboratory REAL (LA-REAL), 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"NOVA Medical School, NOVA University Lisbon, 1069-061 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025, November 15). 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