{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:47:13Z","timestamp":1773708433273,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Portugal","award":["UID\/NEU\/04539\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/NEU\/04539\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Portugal","award":["UIDB\/04539\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04539\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Portugal","award":["UIDP\/04539\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04539\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Portugal","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Microorganisms and their by-products are responsible for establishing pulpal and periapical diseases. Healing is compromised in patients under bisphosphonate therapy, and the presence of periapical infections can potentially lead to the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). This work aimed to evaluate if bisphosphonate therapy is a risk factor for MRONJ development in the presence of periapical lesions. Methods: Two groups of 10 female Wistar rats were used. The experimental group received zoledronate (0.1 mg\/kg) intraperitoneally, and the control received a saline solution, three times a week for three weeks. One week after the last injection, apical periodontitis was induced through pulpal exposure in the mandibular first molars. Twenty-one days later, the animals were intravenously injected with 99mTc-HMDP, and the radioactivity uptake by mandibular specimens was counted. In addition, sample radiographs and a histological examination were performed. Results: The bone loss was higher in the control group when compared to the experimental group (p = 0.027). 99mTc-HMDP uptake in the control was reduced compared with the experimental group, although without statistical significance. Conclusions: In the presence of zoledronate therapy, apical periodontitis does not increase the risk of MRONJ development, and periapical lesions have lower bone resorption when compared to the control group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj11070168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T01:43:22Z","timestamp":1689212602000},"page":"168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Role of Apical Periodontitis Disease in the Development of Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: An Animal Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5968-6161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Marques-Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4185-7871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Margarida","family":"Abrantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6154-4173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anabela","family":"Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice and Laboratory for Evidence-Based Sciences and Precision Dentistry (LACBE\u2013MDP), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0689-6007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mafalda","family":"Laranjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7994-4650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Salom\u00e9","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0015-8604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Caramelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0427-9059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Jos\u00e9","family":"Segura-Egea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology (Endodontics Section), University of Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Univ. of Coimbra, IAP, Faculty of Medicine, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7202-1650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Filomena","family":"Botelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5759-5557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunice","family":"Carrilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice and Laboratory for Evidence-Based Sciences and Precision Dentistry (LACBE\u2013MDP), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9269-5417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Miguel","family":"Marto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice and Laboratory for Evidence-Based Sciences and Precision Dentistry (LACBE\u2013MDP), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Univ. of Coimbra, Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3914-2423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siri","family":"Paulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Univ. Coimbra, Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.04.007","article-title":"Biofilms and Apical Periodontitis: Study of Prevalence and Association with Clinical and Histopathologic Findings","volume":"36","author":"Ricucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2014.08.020","article-title":"Extraradicular Infection as the Cause of Persistent Symptoms: A Case Series","volume":"41","author":"Ricucci","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13677","article-title":"Present Status and Future Directions: Microbiology of Endodontic Infections","volume":"55","author":"Siqueira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-1546.2011.00259.x","article-title":"Survival against the Odds: Microbiology of Root Canals Associated with Post-Treatment Disease","volume":"18","author":"Figdor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endod. Top."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2021.105055","article-title":"Analysis of Microorganisms in Periapical Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"124","author":"Bronzato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Oral. Biol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.1990.tb00858.x","article-title":"Extensive Bone Loss Associated with Periapical Infection with Bacteroides Gingivalis: A Case Report","volume":"23","author":"Happonen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dioguardi, M., Quarta, C., Alovisi, M., Crincoli, V., Aiuto, R., Crippa, R., Angiero, F., Laneve, E., Sovereto, D., and De Lillo, A. (2020). Microbial Association with Genus Actinomyces in Primary and Secondary Endodontic Lesions, Review. Antibiotics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9080433"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, O.-J., Jeong, M.-H., Lee, E.-H., Cho, M.-R., Hwang, J., Cho, S., Yun, C.-H., Han, S.H., and Kim, S.-Y. (2020). A Pilot Study of Chronological Microbiota Changes in a Rat Apical Periodontitis Model. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8081174"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2013.03.001","article-title":"The Expression of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Is Correlated with Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa b Ligand in Induced Rat Periapical Lesions","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.12.015","article-title":"Expression and Regulation of a Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase-8 and -17 in Development of Rat Periradicular Lesion","volume":"39","author":"Tanaka","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.01.005","article-title":"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors and Receptors Are Up-Regulated during Development of Apical Periodontitis","volume":"38","author":"Bletsa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0068","article-title":"Endodontic Medicine: Interrelationships among Apical Periodontitis, Systemic Disorders, and Tissue Responses of Dental Materials","volume":"32","author":"Cintra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz. Oral. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2020.10.019","article-title":"Prevalence of Periapical Lesions in Patients with Osteoporosis","volume":"47","author":"Katz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2007.10.006","article-title":"On the Horizon: Can Bisphosphonates Prevent Bone Metastases?","volume":"16","author":"Coleman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2010.06.008","article-title":"Potential Anticancer Properties of Bisphosphonates","volume":"37","author":"Gnant","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2008.07.003","article-title":"A Clinician\u2019s Perspective on the Use of Zoledronic Acid in the Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis","volume":"11","author":"Lewiecki","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Densitom."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbo.2013.12.001","article-title":"The Anti-Tumour Effects of Zoledronic Acid","volume":"3","author":"Zekria","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Bone Oncol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13294","article-title":"Alveolar Bone Histological Necrosis Observed Prior to Extractions in Patients, Who Received Bone-targeting Agents","volume":"26","author":"Papadopoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral. Dis."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"254","article-title":"Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: Specificities","volume":"8","author":"Paulo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.07.079","article-title":"Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: Is PH the Missing Part in the Pathogenesis Puzzle?","volume":"68","author":"Otto","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200006000-00007","article-title":"Immunolocalization of Macrophages and Transforming Growth Factor-\u03921 in Induced Rat Periapical Lesions","volume":"26","author":"Lin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paulo, S., Laranjo, M., Paula, A., Abrantes, A.M., Martins, J., Marto, C.M., Coelho, A., Casalta-Lopes, J., Carvalho, L., and Carrilho, E. (2020). Calcium Phosphate Ceramics Can Prevent Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13081955"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00307","article-title":"Resolvin D2 Induces Resolution of Periapical Inflammation and Promotes Healing of Periapical Lesions in Rat Periapical Periodontitis","volume":"10","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Fang, D., Xu, J., and Luo, R. (2020). Various Pathways of Zoledronic Acid against Osteoclasts and Bone Cancer Metastasis: A Brief Review. BMC Cancer, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-07568-9"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"582","article-title":"Zoledronic Acid Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation and Function through the Regulation of NF-\u039aB and JNK Signalling Pathways","volume":"44","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-009-0090-6","article-title":"Bisphosphonate Administration Prior to Tooth Extraction Delays Initial Healing of the Extraction Socket in Rats","volume":"27","author":"Hikita","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Metab."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.11.005","article-title":"De Zoledronic Acid\u2014Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws. Experimental Model with Dental Extractions in Rats","volume":"42","author":"Luis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Craniomaxillofac Surg."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr2970w","article-title":"Gender Disparities in Osteoporosis","volume":"9","author":"Alswat","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-302x.2000.150301.x","article-title":"Protective and Destructive Immune Reactions in Apical Periodontitis","volume":"15","author":"Kiss","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oral. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03628-6","article-title":"Development of a Root Canal Treatment Model in the Rat","volume":"7","author":"Yoneda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"54","article-title":"Endodontic Periapical Lesion: An Overview on Etiology, Diagnosis and Current Treatment Modalities","volume":"5","author":"Karamifar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"624","article-title":"The Laboratory Rat: Relating Its Age With Human\u2019s","volume":"4","author":"Sengupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-67202012000100011","article-title":"Rat\u2019s Age versus Human\u2019s Age: What Is the Relationship?","volume":"25","author":"Andreollo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arq. Bras. Cir. Dig."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2005.00327.x","article-title":"Role of RANKL in Physiological and Pathological Bone Resorption and Therapeutics Targeting the RANKL-RANK Signaling System","volume":"208","author":"Tanaka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/aej.12072","article-title":"Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Human Apical Periodontitis: Correlation with Clinical and Histological Findings","volume":"41","author":"Jakovljevic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.02.002","article-title":"Effects of Anti\u2013Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand Antibody and Zoledronic Acid on Periapical Lesion Development in Mice","volume":"48","author":"Ikeda","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2010.10.036","article-title":"Angiogenic Suppression of Osteoclasts May Play a Role in Developing Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw","volume":"76","author":"Yin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2019.04.012","article-title":"Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw. Implant Presence-Triggered Osteonecrosis: Case Series and Literature Review","volume":"121","author":"Escobedo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Stomatol. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1894","article-title":"Periapical Disease and Bisphosphonates Induce Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Mice","volume":"28","author":"Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12159","article-title":"An Evaluation of the Periapical Status of Teeth with Necrotic Pulps Using Periapical Radiography and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography","volume":"47","author":"Abella","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.11.023","article-title":"Accuracy of Cone Beam Computed Tomography and Panoramic and Periapical Radiography for Detection of Apical Periodontitis","volume":"34","author":"Estrela","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.2002.00552.x","article-title":"Diagnosing Periapical Lesions\u2014Disagreement and Borderline Cases","volume":"35","author":"Halse","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2013.08.005","article-title":"Prospective Biomarker Evaluation in Patients with Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Who Received Bisphosphonates","volume":"57","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2015.06.009","article-title":"Increased Uptake of Tc-99m-Methylene Diphosphonate in the Jaw","volume":"39","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1002\/jlcr.1455","article-title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Biodistribution of 99mTc(CO) 3-ABP and Comparison with 99mTc-ABP","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Labelled Comp. Radiopharm."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2010.07.005","article-title":"Quantitative Scintigraphic Analysis of Pulp Revascularization in Autotransplanted Teeth in Dogs","volume":"55","author":"Ferreira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Oral. Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.107.048785","article-title":"Bone Scintigraphy and SPECT\/CT of Bisphosphonate-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaw","volume":"50","author":"Dore","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2015.08.029","article-title":"Diminished Progression of Periapical Lesions with Zoledronic Acid in Ovariectomized Rats","volume":"41","author":"Wayama","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1560175","article-title":"Role of Periapical Diseases in Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws","volume":"2017","author":"Rao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440201601558","article-title":"Effects of Zoledronic Acid in Experimental Periapical Lesions in Rats: An Imaging and Histological Analysis","volume":"28","author":"Pontual","year":"2017","journal-title":"Braz. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.07.020","article-title":"Preexisting Periapical Inflammatory Condition Exacerbates Tooth Extraction\u2013Induced Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Lesions in Mice","volume":"42","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13405","article-title":"Root Canal Treatment of Compromised Teeth as Alternative Treatment for Patients Receiving Bisphosphonates: 60-month Results of a Prospective Clinical Study","volume":"54","author":"Zamparini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."}],"container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-6767\/11\/7\/168\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:11:06Z","timestamp":1760127066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-6767\/11\/7\/168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["dj11070168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/dj11070168","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-6767"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-6767","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]}}}