{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T10:06:39Z","timestamp":1773050799255,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The morphology of roots and root canals has a significant influence on the outcome of endodontic treatment. This study aimed to compare premolar root and root canal configurations between Central American and European subpopulations using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study analyzed CBCT scans of 2919 premolars from 561 patients: 197 from Jamaica (Central America) and 364 from Portugal (Europe). The analysis focused on the number of roots, root canal configurations, and the presence of C-shaped canals in mandibular premolars. Demographic factors such as age and sex were also considered. Statistical significance was determined using chi-square tests with a significance level set at p &lt; 0.05. Results: Overall, premolars in Jamaican patients had more roots and root canals compared to those in Portuguese patients. Three-rooted configurations were more common in Jamaica, particularly in maxillary first premolars (5.5% vs. 2.9%, p &lt; 0.05). Vertucci Type V configuration was more prevalent in the Central American subgroup, while Portuguese premolars were more likely to exhibit Types II and IV configurations. C-shaped canals were rare in both populations (p &gt; 0.05). Males and younger patients showed higher frequencies of multi-root and multi-canal configurations (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: This study reveals significant geographic and demographic differences in premolar root and root canal morphology between two Central American and European subpopulations. Premolars from Jamaica tend to exhibit more complex anatomical features compared to those from Portugal. These findings highlight the need for population-specific diagnostic and treatment strategies and demonstrate the value of CBCT in the preoperative diagnosis of complex anatomical variations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj13020050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T05:49:54Z","timestamp":1737611394000},"page":"50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Population-Specific Anatomical Variations in Premolar Root Canal Systems: A Cross-Sectional Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study of Jamaican and Portuguese Subpopulations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6932-2038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge N. R.","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Grupo de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral, Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Orais e Biom\u00e9dicas (UICOB), 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria Baseada na Evid\u00eancia, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"LIBPhys-FCT UID\/FIS\/04559\/2013, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Implantologia, 1070-064 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sriteja","family":"Tummala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of the West Indies, Kingston JMAAW15, Jamaica"}]},{"given":"Sasidhar","family":"Nallapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Kingston JMAAW15, Jamaica"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1966-8281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duarte","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Grupo de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral, Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Orais e Biom\u00e9dicas (UICOB), 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria Baseada na Evid\u00eancia, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"LIBPhys-FCT UID\/FIS\/04559\/2013, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Implantologia, 1070-064 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6445-8243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel Jo\u00e3o Nogueira Leal","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro 21210-623, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5544-3744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Caram\u00eas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"LIBPhys-FCT UID\/FIS\/04559\/2013, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Implantologia, 1070-064 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5277-9827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco A.","family":"Versiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Specialty Center, Brazilian Military Police, Belo Horizonte 30350-190, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-1546.2005.00129.x","article-title":"Root canal morphology and its relationship to endodontic procedures","volume":"10","author":"Vertucci","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endod. 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