{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T01:12:58Z","timestamp":1767575578912,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Dental caries (DCs) and type 2 diabetes share common risk factors. Dental caries risk in type 2 diabetics (T2DM) shows contradictory results. The aim of this study was to determine if there is a difference in DC prevalence in adults with and without T2DM and whether body mass index (BMI) classes or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels interfere in that difference. Methods: A total of 666 adults (n(T2DM) = 343; n(nT2DM) = 323), from Espinho Primary Health Care Center, were interviewed by calibrated observers. Data from clinical records were collected and oral health status was registered using WHO criteria. Inference analysis was conducted using non-parametric tests (\u03b1 = 0.05). Results: A similar caries prevalence was found between the T2DM (98.2%) and nT2DM (98.8%) groups, with the T2DM group showing significantly higher tooth loss (p &lt; 0.001), higher caries experience rerted as mean \u00b1 sd (17.7 \u00b1 8.3 vs. 15.9 \u00b1 7.8, p = 0.005), fewer decayed teeth (p &lt; 0.001) and filled teeth (p = 0.016) compared to nT2DM. The most frequently identified comorbidity was hypertension (53.6%). Tobacco use (12.9%) was lower in T2DM (p &lt; 0.001). The restorative and treatment indices indicated a significantly higher proportion of use of oral care services (p &lt; 0.001) in T2DM individuals. The prevalence of the higher classes of BMI indicative of pre-obesity or obesity shows significant differences (p &lt; 0.001). The differences found in the DMFT or each of its components for the prevalence or for the mean in HbA1c control were not statistically significant (p = 0.368, and 0.524, respectively). Conclusions: Adults with T2DM and higher BMI classes could be associated with a greater prevalence of DCs. The glycemic control of T2DM does not significantly influence DMFT score or each of its components.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj13060258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T08:18:43Z","timestamp":1749543523000},"page":"258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Oral Health Disparities in Type 2 Diabetes: Examining the Elevated Risk for Dental Caries\u2014A Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7053-9189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Frias-Bulhosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"FP i3id, FP BHS, Health Sciences Faculty, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1774-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Manso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FP i3id, FP BHS, Health Sciences Faculty, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"RISE-Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Fernando Pessoa Teaching and Culture Foundation, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV)\/Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), University of Porto, 4050-453 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0718-0978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla Lopes","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Palliative Care Support Team, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Gaia e Espinho, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health, Epidemiology Research Unit (EPI Unit), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GBD 2021 Risk Factors Collaborators (2024). 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