{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:16:57Z","timestamp":1772497017720,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,11]],"date-time":"2013-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We explore the relation between the local fractal dimension and the development of the built-up area of the Northern Margin of the Metropolitan Area of Lisbon (NMAL), for the period between 1960 and 2004. To this end we make use of a Generalized Local Spatial Entropy (GLSE) function based on which urban areas can be classified into five different types. Our analysis of NMAL shows how some of the growth dynamics encountered can be linked to the plethora of social, economic and political changes that have taken place in NMAL (and Portugal), during the last 40 years, allowing for the establishment of urban planning measures to either inhibit or promote sprawl in urban areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e15072679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,11]],"date-time":"2013-07-11T11:50:38Z","timestamp":1373543438000},"page":"2679-2697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Urban Dynamics, Fractals and Generalized Entropy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8262-2927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Encarna\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ATP group - Applications of Theoretical Physics, Centro de Matem\u00e1tica e Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es Fundamentais, Instituto para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar, P-1649-003 Lisboa Codex, Portugal"},{"name":"Geo Centro de Estudos de Geografia e Planeamento Regional, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida de Berna 26-C, 1069-061 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"Gaudiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Electr\u00f3nica, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, & CIEM-CONICET Ciudad Universitaria C.P. 5000, C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ATP group - Applications of Theoretical Physics, Centro de Matem\u00e1tica e Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es Fundamentais, Instituto para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar, P-1649-003 Lisboa Codex, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Inform\u00e1tica & INESC-ID, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, IST-Tagusparque, 2744-016 Porto Salvo, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Tened\u00f3rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geo Centro de Estudos de Geografia e Planeamento Regional, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida de Berna 26-C, 1069-061 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ATP group - Applications of Theoretical Physics, Centro de Matem\u00e1tica e Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es Fundamentais, Instituto para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar, P-1649-003 Lisboa Codex, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Matem\u00e1tica e Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es & Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Remote sensing derived mapping to support urban growth theory","volume":"ISPRS, XXXVI-8\/W27","author":"Moeller","year":"2005","journal-title":"ISPRS Archives Joint Symposia URBAN\u2014URS, Proceedings of ISPRS"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhatta, B. 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