{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T16:56:46Z","timestamp":1778000206133,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/138302\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/138302\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Confident PTDC\/EEI-CTP\/4503\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Confident PTDC\/EEI-CTP\/4503\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QuantumMining POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031826"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QuantumMining POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031826"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Sistemas Inform\u00e1ticos de Grande Escala (LASIGE) Research Unit","award":["UIDB\/00408\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00408\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015494","name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/EEA\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/EEA\/50008\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Predict PTDC\/CCI-CIF\/29877\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Predict PTDC\/CCI-CIF\/29877\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Programme","award":["COMPETE 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COMPETE 2020"]}]},{"name":"Regional Operational Program of Lisboa","award":["2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017014","name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Tecnologias e Servi\u00e7os de Sa\u00fade","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/4255\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/4255\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017014","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>About 160 years ago, the concept of entropy was introduced in thermodynamics by Rudolf Clausius. Since then, it has been continually extended, interpreted, and applied by researchers in many scientific fields, such as general physics, information theory, chaos theory, data mining, and mathematical linguistics. This paper presents The Entropy Universe, which aims to review the many variants of entropies applied to time-series. The purpose is to answer research questions such as: How did each entropy emerge? What is the mathematical definition of each variant of entropy? How are entropies related to each other? What are the most applied scientific fields for each entropy? We describe in-depth the relationship between the most applied entropies in time-series for different scientific fields, establishing bases for researchers to properly choose the variant of entropy most suitable for their data. The number of citations over the past sixteen years of each paper proposing a new entropy was also accessed. The Shannon\/differential, the Tsallis, the sample, the permutation, and the approximate entropies were the most cited ones. Based on the ten research areas with the most significant number of records obtained in the Web of Science and Scopus, the areas in which the entropies are more applied are computer science, physics, mathematics, and engineering. The universe of entropies is growing each day, either due to the introducing new variants either due to novel applications. Knowing each entropy\u2019s strengths and of limitations is essential to ensure the proper improvement of this research field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e23020222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T16:12:10Z","timestamp":1613146330000},"page":"222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["The Entropy Universe"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4337-1920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INESC-TEC), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Computer Science Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4032-9594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences-MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1312-0154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8792-959X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Souto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LASIGE, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9988-594X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INESC-TEC), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Computer Science Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7109-1101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Costa-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences-MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1199-2220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences-MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"The concept of entropy, from its origins to teachers","volume":"61","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Mex. F\u00edsica"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1021\/ed500035f","article-title":"Review of Entropy and the Second Law: Interpretation and Misss-Interpretationsss","volume":"91","author":"Harris","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.Chem. Educ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630340110","article-title":"Entropy and information: A multidisciplinary overview","volume":"34","author":"Shaw","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.3390\/e16020953","article-title":"The elusive nature of entropy and its physical meaning","volume":"16","author":"Kostic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Popovic, M. (2017). Researchers in an entropy wonderland: A review of the entropy concept. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Batten, D.F. (1983). A review of entropy and information theory. Spatial Analysis of Interacting Economies, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-3040-2"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amig\u00f3, J.M., Balogh, S.G., and Hern\u00e1ndez, S. (2018). A brief review of generalized entropies. Entropy, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/e20110813"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aop.2015.08.013","article-title":"Beyond the Shannon\u2013Khinchin formulation: The composability axiom and the universal-group entropy","volume":"365","author":"Tempesta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Phys."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Namdari, A., and Li, Z. (2019). A review of entropy measures for uncertainty quantification of stochastic processes. Adv. Mech. Eng., 11.","DOI":"10.1177\/1687814019857350"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-018-4120-6","article-title":"Topological entropy and geometric entropy and their application to the horizontal visibility graph for financial time series","volume":"92","author":"Rong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.57.932","article-title":"Time-frequency analysis of electroencephalogram series. III. Wavelet packets and information cost function","volume":"57","author":"Blanco","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1998.0193","article-title":"The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis","volume":"454","author":"Huang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. London. Ser. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174102","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.88.174102","article-title":"Permutation entropy: A natural complexity measure for time series","volume":"88","author":"Bandt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40005","DOI":"10.1209\/0295-5075\/102\/40005","article-title":"Permutation complexity and dependence measures of time series","volume":"102","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"EPL Europhys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2039","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.278.6.H2039","article-title":"Physiological time-series analysis using approximate entropy and sample entropy","volume":"278","author":"Richman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H319","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00561.2010","article-title":"Accurate estimation of entropy in very short physiological time series: The problem of atrial fibrillation detection in implanted ventricular devices","volume":"300","author":"Lake","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physleta.2008.10.049","article-title":"Measuring time series regularity using nonlinear similarity-based sample entropy","volume":"372","author":"Xie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Lett. A"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2016.2542881","article-title":"Dispersion entropy: A measure for time-series analysis","volume":"23","author":"Rostaghi","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Xu, L.S., Wang, K.Q., and Wang, L. (2005, January 15\u201321). Gaussian kernel approximate entropy algorithm for analyzing irregularity of time-series. Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on machine learning and cybernetics, Guangzhou, China."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1936-6434-6-30","article-title":"Removing the entropy from the definition of entropy: Clarifying the relationship between evolution, entropy, and the second law of thermodynamics","volume":"6","author":"Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evol. Educ. Outreach"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1155\/S0161171200000375","article-title":"Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy: Axiomatic characterization and application","volume":"23","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Math. Math. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1023\/B:ASTR.0000032616.18776.4b","article-title":"Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy versus Tsallis entropy: Recent contributions to resolving the argument of Einstein concerning \u201cNeither Herr Boltzmann nor Herr Planck has given a definition of W\u201d?","volume":"290","author":"Haubold","year":"2004","journal-title":"Astrophys. Space Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cariolaro, G. (2015). Classical and Quantum Information Theory. Quantum Communications, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-15600-2"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1119\/1.1383602","article-title":"Boltzmann\u2019s atom: The great debate that launched a revolution in physics","volume":"69","author":"Lindley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"237","article-title":"On the theory of the energy distribution law of the normal spectrum","volume":"2","author":"Planck","year":"1900","journal-title":"Verh. Deut. Phys. Ges."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gibbs, J.W. (1902). Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics: Developed with Especial Reference to the Rational Foundation of Thermodynamics, C. Scribner\u2019s Sons.","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.32624"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1088\/0951-7715\/13\/6\/303","article-title":"Gibbs entropy and irreversible thermodynamics","volume":"13","author":"Rondoni","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nonlinearity"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldstein, S., Lebowitz, J.L., Tumulka, R., and Zanghi, N. (2019). Gibbs and Boltzmann entropy in classical and quantum mechanics. arXiv.","DOI":"10.1142\/9789811211720_0014"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1928.tb01236.x","article-title":"Transmission of information 1","volume":"7","author":"Hartley","year":"1928","journal-title":"Bell Syst. Tech. J."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Von Neumann, J. (1932). Mathematische Grundlagen der Quantenmechanik, Springer."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195116","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.68.195116","article-title":"Optimizing the density-matrix renormalization group method using quantum information entropy","volume":"68","author":"Legeza","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"015002","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.89.015002","article-title":"Entropic uncertainty relations and their applications","volume":"89","author":"Coles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x","article-title":"A mathematical theory of communication","volume":"27","author":"Shannon","year":"1948","journal-title":"Bell Syst. Tech. J."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Shannon, C.E., and Weaver, W. (1949). The Mathematical Theory of Communication, University of Illinois Press."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"261","article-title":"Recent contributions to the mathematical theory of communication","volume":"10","author":"Weaver","year":"1953","journal-title":"ETC Rev. Gen. Semant."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"43","article-title":"This is it: A primer on Shannon\u2019s entropy and information","volume":"23","author":"Rioul","year":"2018","journal-title":"L\u2019Information, Semin. Poincare"},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Kline, R.R. (2015). The Cybernetics Moment: Or Why We Call Our Age the Information Age, JHU Press."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Shannon, C.E., and Weaver, W. (1963). The Mathematical Theory of Communication, University of Illinois Press. Number pt. 11 in Illini books."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/e3010001","article-title":"Some observations on the concepts of information-theoretic entropy and randomness","volume":"3","author":"Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4877(76)90050-1","article-title":"Basic properties of the generalized Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon entropy","volume":"9","author":"Ochs","year":"1976","journal-title":"Rep. Math. Phys."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/0375-9601(95)00640-O","article-title":"A quantitative test of Gibbs\u2019 statistical mechanics","volume":"207","author":"Plastino","year":"1995","journal-title":"Phys. Lett. A"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"254","article-title":"The entropy of systems with a random number of particles","volume":"1","author":"Stratonovich","year":"1955","journal-title":"Sov. Phys. JETP-USSR"},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Khinchin, A.Y. (2013). Mathematical Foundations of Information Theory, Courier Corporation."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Cover, T.M., and Thomas, J.A. (2012). Elem. Inf. Theory, John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Acz\u00e9l, J., and Dar\u00f3czy, Z. (1975). On Measures of Information and Their Characterizations, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Kullback, S. (1997). Information Theory and Statistics, Courier Corporation."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1155\/IJMMS.2005.2847","article-title":"Shannon entropy: Axiomatic characterization and application","volume":"2005","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Math. Math. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Marsh, C. (2013). Introduction to Continuous Entropy, Department of Computer Science, Princeton University."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kapur, J.N., and Kesavan, H.K. (1992). Entropy optimization principles and their applications. Entropy and Energy Dissipation in Water Resources, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-2430-0_1"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1515\/slgr-2015-0039","article-title":"Entropy-based algorithms in the analysis of biomedical signals","volume":"43","author":"Borowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stud. Logic Gramm. Rhetor."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.6.1794","article-title":"Tone-entropy analysis on cardiac recovery after dynamic exercise","volume":"82","author":"Oida","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(00)00356-3","article-title":"Wavelet entropy: A new tool for analysis of short duration brain electrical signals","volume":"105","author":"Rosso","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2005.11.002","article-title":"A roller bearing fault diagnosis method based on EMD energy entropy and ANN","volume":"294","author":"Yu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Sound Vib."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2010.11.037","article-title":"\u0394-Entropy: Definition, properties and applications in system identification with quantized data","volume":"181","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Kolmogorov, A.N. (1958). A New Metric Invariant of Transient Dynamical Systems and Automorphisms in Lebesgue Spaces, Russian Academy of Sciences. Doklady Akademii Nauk."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong, K.S., and Salleh, Z. (2018). A note on the notions of topological entropy. Earthline J. Math. Sci., 1\u201316.","DOI":"10.34198\/ejms.1119.0116"},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"768","article-title":"On the concept of entropy for a dynamic system","volume":"124","author":"Sinai","year":"1959","journal-title":"Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1515\/zna-1982-1117","article-title":"Information dimension and the probabilistic structure of chaos","volume":"37","author":"Farmer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Z. Naturforschung A"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/bjps\/55.3.411","article-title":"In what sense is the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy a measure for chaotic behaviour?\u2014bridging the gap between dynamical systems theory and communication theory","volume":"55","author":"Frigg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Philos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"021906","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.71.021906","article-title":"Multiscale entropy analysis of biological signals","volume":"71","author":"Costa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orozco-Arroyave, J.R., Arias-Londono, J.D., Vargas-Bonilla, J.F., and N\u00f6th, E. (2013). Analysis of speech from people with Parkinson\u2019s disease through nonlinear dynamics. International Conference on Nonlinear Speech Processing, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-38847-7_15"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2013.01.017","article-title":"Entropy of fractal systems","volume":"66","author":"Zmeskal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput. Math. Appl."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.12068","article-title":"Entropy and compression: Two measures of complexity","volume":"19","author":"Henriques","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Eval. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eckmann, J.P., and Ruelle, D. (1985). Ergodic theory of chaos and strange attractors. The Theory of Chaotic Attractors, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-21830-4_17"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"062114","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.95.062114","article-title":"Entropy measures, entropy estimators, and their performance in quantifying complex dynamics: Effects of artifacts, nonstationarity, and long-range correlations","volume":"95","author":"Xiong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1090\/S0002-9947-1965-0175106-9","article-title":"Topological entropy","volume":"114","author":"Adler","year":"1965","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Math. Soc."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfa.2012.07.010","article-title":"Variational principles for topological entropies of subsets","volume":"263","author":"Feng","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Funct. Anal."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s00605-012-0401-1","article-title":"On the entropy of a family of random substitutions","volume":"168","author":"Nilsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Monatshefte Math."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1090\/S0002-9947-1971-0274707-X","article-title":"Entropy for group endomorphisms and homogeneous spaces","volume":"153","author":"Bowen","year":"1971","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Math. Soc."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.topol.2005.01.006","article-title":"Topological entropy of maps on the real line","volume":"153","year":"2005","journal-title":"Topol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1090\/S0002-9947-1973-0338317-X","article-title":"Topological entropy for noncompact sets","volume":"184","author":"Bowen","year":"1973","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Math. Soc."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02761650","article-title":"Metrics and entropy for non-compact spaces","volume":"91","author":"Handel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Isr. J. Math."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Addabbo, R., and Blackmore, D. (2019). A dynamical systems-based hierarchy for Shannon, metric and topological entropy. Entropy, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/e21100938"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02392274","article-title":"Entropie g\u00e9om\u00e9trique des feuilletages","volume":"160","author":"Ghys","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Math."},{"key":"ref_75","unstructured":"Hurder, S. (2020). Entropy and Dynamics of C1 Foliations, University of Illinois."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.topol.2004.08.011","article-title":"Entropy of distributions","volume":"152","year":"2005","journal-title":"Topol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_77","unstructured":"Hurder, S. (2011). Lectures on foliation dynamics: Barcelona 2010. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4972","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709247105","article-title":"From time series to complex networks: The visibility graph","volume":"105","author":"Lacasa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"R\u00e9nyi, A. (1961). On measures of entropy and information. Proceedings of the Fourth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, Volume 1: Contributions to the Theory of Statistics, The Regents of the University of California."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012108","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.85.012108","article-title":"Collision entropy and optimal uncertainty","volume":"85","author":"Bosyk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocs.2011.01.001","article-title":"Improved generalized fractal dimensions in the discrimination between healthy and epileptic EEG signals","volume":"2","author":"Easwaramoorthy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2016.2528285","article-title":"A generalization of majorization that characterizes Shannon entropy","volume":"62","author":"Pastena","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.106.620","article-title":"Information theory and statistical mechanics","volume":"106","author":"Jaynes","year":"1957","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1975.1055416","article-title":"Random coding strategies for minimum entropy","volume":"21","author":"Posner","year":"1975","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chevalier, C., Fouque, P.A., Pointcheval, D., and Zimmer, S. (2009). Optimal randomness extraction from a Diffie-Hellman element. Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-01001-9_33"},{"key":"ref_86","unstructured":"Renner, R., and Wolf, S. (July, January 27). Smooth R\u00e9nyi entropy and applications. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Information Theory, Chicago, IL, USA."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2005.859782","article-title":"Renyi entropy measures of heart rate Gaussianity","volume":"53","author":"Lake","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02393.x","article-title":"Rao\u2019s quadratic entropy as a measure of functional diversity based on multiple traits","volume":"16","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Veg. Sci."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-5809(82)90004-1","article-title":"Diversity and dissimilarity coefficients: A unified approach","volume":"21","author":"Rao","year":"1982","journal-title":"Theor. Popul. Biol."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"30","article-title":"Quantification method of classification processes. Concept of structural a-entropy","volume":"3","author":"Havrda","year":"1967","journal-title":"Kybernetika"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01016429","article-title":"Possible generalization of Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics","volume":"52","author":"Tsallis","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Stat. Phys."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2008.07.004","article-title":"Fractional Brownian motion, fractional Gaussian noise, and Tsallis permutation entropy","volume":"387","author":"Zunino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. A Stat. Mech. Its Appl."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2004.04.003","article-title":"Ordinal time series analysis","volume":"182","author":"Bandt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"key":"ref_94","unstructured":"Citi, L., Guffanti, G., and Mainardi, L. (2014, January 7\u201310). Rank-based multi-scale entropy analysis of heart rate variability. Proceedings of the Computing in Cardiology 2014, Cambridge, MA, USA."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2711","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2017.2664105","article-title":"Bubble entropy: An entropy almost free of parameters","volume":"64","author":"Manis","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1145\/320831.320833","article-title":"Sorting on electronic computer systems","volume":"3","author":"Friend","year":"1956","journal-title":"J. ACM (JACM)"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Astrachan, O. (2003). Bubble Sort: An Archaeological Algorithmic Analysis, ACM. ACM SIGCSE Bulletin.","DOI":"10.1145\/611892.611918"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bodini, M., Rivolta, M.W., Manis, G., and Sassi, R. (2020, January 15). Analytical Formulation of Bubble Entropy for Autoregressive Processes. Proceedings of the 2020 11th Conference of the European Study Group on Cardiovascular Oscillations (ESGCO), Pisa, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/ESGCO49734.2020.9158042"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2010.08.041","article-title":"A history of graph entropy measures","volume":"181","author":"Dehmer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02477860","article-title":"Life, information theory, and topology","volume":"17","author":"Rashevsky","year":"1955","journal-title":"Bull. Math. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02477836","article-title":"A note on the information content of graphs","volume":"18","author":"Trucco","year":"1956","journal-title":"Bull. Math. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02476948","article-title":"Entropy and the complexity of graphs: I. An index of the relative complexity of a graph","volume":"30","author":"Mowshowitz","year":"1968","journal-title":"Bull. Math. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02476692","article-title":"Entropy and the complexity of graphs: II. The information content of digraphs and infinite graphs","volume":"30","author":"Mowshowitz","year":"1968","journal-title":"Bull. Math. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02476603","article-title":"Entropy and the complexity of graphs: III. Graphs with prescribed information content","volume":"30","author":"Mowshowitz","year":"1968","journal-title":"Bull. Math. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02476673","article-title":"Entropy and the complexity of graphs: IV. Entropy measures and graphical structure","volume":"30","author":"Mowshowitz","year":"1968","journal-title":"Bull. Math. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_106","unstructured":"K\u00f6rner, J. (1973, January 18\u201323). Coding of an information source having ambiguous alphabet and the entropy of graphs. Proceedings of the 6th Prague Conference on Information Theory, Prague, Czech Republic."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02122693","article-title":"Entropy splitting for antiblocking corners and perfect graphs","volume":"10","author":"Marton","year":"1990","journal-title":"Combinatorica"},{"key":"ref_108","first-page":"399","article-title":"Graph entropy: A survey","volume":"20","author":"Simonyi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Comb. Optim."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s40708-014-0003-x","article-title":"Analysis of alcoholic EEG signals based on horizontal visibility graph entropy","volume":"1","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Informatics"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"046103","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.80.046103","article-title":"Horizontal visibility graphs: Exact results for random time series","volume":"80","author":"Luque","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2014.04.001","article-title":"Epileptic seizure detection in EEGs signals using a fast weighted horizontal visibility algorithm","volume":"115","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.6.2297","article-title":"Approximate entropy as a measure of system complexity","volume":"88","author":"Pincus","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2015.00016","article-title":"EEG entropy measures in anesthesia","volume":"9","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Comput. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01619355","article-title":"A regularity statistic for medical data analysis","volume":"7","author":"Pincus","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Clin. Monit."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2006.888089","article-title":"Intrinsic mode entropy for nonlinear discriminant analysis","volume":"14","author":"Amoud","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azami, H., and Escudero, J. (2018). Amplitude-and fluctuation-based dispersion entropy. Entropy, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/e20030210"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","article-title":"Fuzzy sets","volume":"8","author":"Zadeh","year":"1965","journal-title":"Inf. Control"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(72)90199-4","article-title":"A definition of a nonprobabilistic entropy in the setting of fuzzy sets theory","volume":"20","author":"Termini","year":"1972","journal-title":"Inf. Control"},{"key":"ref_119","unstructured":"Parkash, C. (2014). Fuzzy and Non Fuzzy Measures of Information and Their Applications to Queueing Theory, Guru Nanak Dev University."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2007.897025","article-title":"Characterization of surface EMG signal based on fuzzy entropy","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"ref_121","unstructured":"Yeniyayla, Y. (2011). Fuzzy Entropy and Its Application. [Ph.D. Thesis, Dokuz Eylul University]."},{"key":"ref_122","unstructured":"Liu, C., and Zhao, L. (2011, January 18\u201321). Using fuzzy measure entropy to improve the stability of traditional entropy measures. Proceedings of the 2011 Computing in Cardiology, Hangzhou, China."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaylaa, A., Saleh, S., Karameh, F., Nahas, Z., and Bouakaz, A. (2016, January 13\u201315). Cascade of nonlinear entropy and statistics to discriminate fetal heart rates. Proceedings of the 2016 3rd International Conference on Advances in Computational Tools for Engineering Applications (ACTEA), Beirut, Lebanon.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACTEA.2016.7560130"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2015.02.085","article-title":"Robust and complex approach of pathological speech signal analysis","volume":"167","author":"Mekyska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"068102","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.89.068102","article-title":"Multiscale entropy analysis of complex physiologic time series","volume":"89","author":"Costa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_126","first-page":"971","article-title":"Complexity and 1\/f noise. A phase space approach","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Phys. I"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsu, C.F., Wei, S.Y., Huang, H.P., Hsu, L., Chi, S., and Peng, C.K. (2017). Entropy of entropy: Measurement of dynamical complexity for biological systems. Entropy, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/e19100550"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.3390\/e15031069","article-title":"Time series analysis using composite multiscale entropy","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2009.2021986","article-title":"Refined multiscale entropy: Application to 24-h holter recordings of heart period variability in healthy and aortic stenosis subjects","volume":"56","author":"Valencia","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2013.07.075","article-title":"Modified multiscale entropy for short-term time series analysis","volume":"392","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. A Stat. Mech. Appl."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.3390\/e17031197","article-title":"Generalized multiscale entropy analysis: Application to quantifying the complex volatility of human heartbeat time series","volume":"17","author":"Costa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"061918","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.84.061918","article-title":"Multivariate multiscale entropy: A tool for complexity analysis of multichannel data","volume":"84","author":"Ahmed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"ref_133","first-page":"1","article-title":"Three approaches to the quantitative definition ofinformation","volume":"1","author":"Kolmogorov","year":"1965","journal-title":"Probl. Inf. Transm."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(64)90223-2","article-title":"A formal theory of inductive inference. Part I","volume":"7","author":"Solomonoff","year":"1964","journal-title":"Inf. Control"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1145\/321356.321363","article-title":"On the length of programs for computing finite binary sequences","volume":"13","author":"Chaitin","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. ACM (JACM)"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.3390\/e13030595","article-title":"Entropy measures vs. Kolmogorov complexity","volume":"13","author":"Teixeira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4918","DOI":"10.3390\/e17074918","article-title":"Fisher information properties","volume":"17","author":"Zegers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fisher, R.A. (1925). Theory of statistical estimation. Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305004100009580"},{"key":"ref_139","unstructured":"Blahut, R.E. (1987). Principles and Practice of Information Theory, Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(59)90348-1","article-title":"Some inequalities satisfied by the quantities of information of Fisher and Shannon","volume":"2","author":"Stam","year":"1959","journal-title":"Inf. Control"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1381878","article-title":"Relationship between entropies, variance and Fisher information","volume":"Volume 568","author":"Borzadaran","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proceedings of the AIP Conference Proceedings"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/03610928608829122","article-title":"On the functional relationship between entropy and variance with related applications","volume":"15","author":"Ratnaparkhi","year":"1986","journal-title":"Commun. Stat. Theory Methods"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toomaj, A., and Di Crescenzo, A. (2020). Connections between weighted generalized cumulative residual entropy and variance. Mathematics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/math8071072"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gibson, J. (2018). Entropy power, autoregressive models, and mutual information. Entropy, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/e20100750"},{"key":"ref_145","unstructured":"Ledoux, M., Nair, C., and Wang, Y.N. (2021). Log-Convexity of Fisher Information along Heat Flow, University of Toulouse."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-009-2178-0","article-title":"A comparison of Scopus and Web of Science for a typical university","volume":"81","author":"Vieira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, W., Tang, L., and Hu, G. (2020). Funding information in Web of Science: An updated overview. arXiv.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-020-03362-3"},{"key":"ref_148","first-page":"933","article-title":"Empirical analysis and classification of database errors in Scopus and Web of Science","volume":"10","author":"Franceschini","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Inf."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20677","article-title":"Impact of data sources on citation counts and rankings of LIS faculty: Web of Science versus Scopus and Google Scholar","volume":"58","author":"Meho","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mugnaini, R., and Strehl, L. (2008). Recupera\u00e7\u00e3o e impacto da produ\u00e7\u00e3o cient\u00edfica na era Google: Uma an\u00e1lise comparativa entre o Google Acad\u00eamico e a Web of Science. Revista Eletr\u00f4nica de Biblioteconomia e ci\u00eancia da Informa\u00e7\u00e3o, Encontros Bibli. n. esp.","DOI":"10.5007\/1518-2924.2008v13nesp1p92"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-9492LSF","article-title":"Comparison of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google scholar: Strengths and weaknesses","volume":"22","author":"Falagas","year":"2008","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_152","unstructured":"Scopus (2020, June 18). Content Selection and Advisory Board (CSAB). Available online: https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/solutions\/scopus\/how-scopus-works\/content."}],"container-title":["Entropy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/23\/2\/222\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:22:46Z","timestamp":1760160166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/23\/2\/222"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"references-count":152,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["e23020222"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e23020222","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-4300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1099-4300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]}}}