{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T15:07:40Z","timestamp":1761664060936,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Education Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Problem-based learning (PBL) approaches are well-accepted and disseminated and have been intensively employed in several engineering programs. This article aims to present a teaching experience in which PBL was applied in one course of a mechanical engineering graduation program. The PBL approach applied is described step-by-step as well as the goals and constraints related to Computer-Aided Design, Engineering and Manufacturing (CAD\/CAE\/CAM) technologies employed in this particular case. The evaluation process is described, as well as the quantitative results, and also the results obtained from questionnaires answered by the students at the end of the PBL experience. Additionally, the team\u2019s technical success in solving the proposed CAD\/CAE\/CAM problems was also taken into account. This PBL approach provided the students with the required autonomy to develop their argumentative skills within the team, defending their ideas, and at the same time, promoting self-criticism and ethical and impartial judgment among the other team members.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci10050125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T05:05:32Z","timestamp":1588050332000},"page":"125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Integrating CAD\/CAE\/CAM in Engineering Curricula: A Project-Based Learning Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9751-8807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio A. O.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TEMA\u2014Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nilo","family":"Fuchter J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, SATC University, Rua Pascoal Meller, 73-Bairro Universit\u00e1rio CEP, Crici\u00fama 88805-380, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7050-3816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson","family":"Daleffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, SATC University, Rua Pascoal Meller, 73-Bairro Universit\u00e1rio CEP, Crici\u00fama 88805-380, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9550-6690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Fritzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, SATC University, Rua Pascoal Meller, 73-Bairro Universit\u00e1rio CEP, Crici\u00fama 88805-380, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5848-6424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo J.","family":"Alves de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TEMA\u2014Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-010-9384-9","article-title":"Higher education in East Asia and Singapore: Rise of the Confucian Model","volume":"61","author":"Marginson","year":"2011","journal-title":"High. Educ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-017-0001-8","article-title":"Rethinking higher education and its relationship with social inequalities: Past knowledge, present state and future potential","volume":"3","author":"Kromydas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Palgrave Commun."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Bugliarello, G. (1991). The Social Function of Engineering: A Current Assessment, Engineering as A Social Enterprise, National Academy Press."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maraghy, W.H.E. (2011). Future Trends in Engineering Education and Research. Advances in Sustainable Manufacturing: Proceedings of the 8th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-20183-7_2"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Oliveira, R., de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o Tecnol\u00f3gica, C.E., Souza, P., Kach, E.S.C., de Oliveira, E.S., da Veiga, M.L.R., and Galhardi, A.C. (2014). Estudo da rela\u00e7\u00e3o da competitividade na ind\u00fastria de fundi\u00e7\u00e3o de metais com a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o da tecnologia de simula\u00e7\u00e3o, IX Workshop de P\u00f3s Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o e Pesquisa do Centro Paula Souza."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10037-017-0116-9","article-title":"The role of higher education institutions in regional transition paths towards sustainability","volume":"37","author":"Pflitsch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Reg. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.4236\/ce.2015.614154","article-title":"Active Teaching and Learning Methodologies: Some Considerations","volume":"6","author":"Konopka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Creat. Educ."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Hendy, P.L., and Hadgraft, R.G. (October, January 30). Evaluating problem-based learning in Civil Engineering. Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Canberra, Australia."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1080\/03043797.2019.1585762","article-title":"Civil Engineering 4 Real (CE4R): Co-curricular learning for undergraduates","volume":"45","author":"Murray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Eng. Educ."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Furtado, A.F. (2013). Um estudo sobre o desafio do ensino de engenharia frente aos problemas econ\u00f4micos, energ\u00e9ticos e a sustentabilidade. Anais: VII\u2014Encontro de Pesquisa em Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, UNIUBE."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mintzes, J., and Walter, E. (2020). Engineering Teachers\u2019 Assessment Knowledge in Active and Project-Based Learning. Active Learning in College Science, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-33600-4"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arias, E., Barba-S\u00e1nchez, V., Carri\u00f3n, C., and Casado, R. (2018). Enhancing Entrepreneurship Education in a Master\u2019s Degree in Computer Engineering: A Project-Based Learning Approach. Adm. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/admsci8040058"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaphiris, P., and Ioannou, A. (2018). Project-Oriented Problem-Based Learning for an Entrepreneurial Vision in Engineering Education. Learning and Collaboration Technologies. Learning and Teaching. LCT 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-91152-6"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1080\/713699144","article-title":"The suitability of problem-based learning for engineering education: Theory and practice","volume":"5","author":"Perrenet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Teach. High. Educ."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"2","article-title":"Engineering education\u2014Is problem-based or project-based learning the answer?","volume":"3","author":"Mills","year":"2003","journal-title":"Australas. J. Eng. Educ."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/03043799408923285","article-title":"Tomorrow\u2019s engineering education\u2014The Aalborg experiment","volume":"19","author":"Kjersdam","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Eng. Educ."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"1737","article-title":"Professors\u2019 and Students\u2019 Perception of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Project Based Learning","volume":"33","author":"Mihic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Educ."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Aslanides, C.D., Kalfa, V., Athanasiadou, S., and Gianelos Karapatsias, V. (2016, January 12\u201315). Advantages, disadvantages and the viability of project-based learning integration in Engineering studies curriculum: The Greek case. Proceedings of the 44th SEFI Conference, Tampere, Finland."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026192113732","article-title":"Implementing the Project-Based Learning Approach in an Academic Engineering Course","volume":"13","author":"Frank","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Technol. Des. Educ."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-004-6386-5","article-title":"Project-Based Learning in Post-Secondary Education-Theory, Practice and Rubber Sling Shots","volume":"51","author":"Helle","year":"2006","journal-title":"High. Educ."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Capraro, R.M., Capraro, M.M., and Morgan, J.R. (2013). Interdisciplinary Stem Project-Based Learning. STEM Project-Based Learning: An Integrated Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Approach, Sense Publishers.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-6209-143-6"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Thomas, J.W. (2000). A Review of Research on Project-Based Learning, The Autodesk Foundation."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1086\/461870","article-title":"Enacting project-based science: Challenges for practie and policy citation","volume":"97","author":"Marx","year":"1997","journal-title":"Elem. Sch. J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2168-9830.1997.tb00290.x","article-title":"Faculty Reactions to Teaching Engineering Design to First Year Students","volume":"86","author":"Richards","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Eng. Educ."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"8","article-title":"Dangers and Difficulties of the Project Method and How to Overcome Them: I. Introductory Statement: Definition of Terms","volume":"22","author":"Kilpatrik","year":"1921","journal-title":"Teach. Coll. Rec."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"070804","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4033671","article-title":"Problem-Based Learning in Biomechanics: Advantages, Challenges, and Implementation Strategies","volume":"138","author":"Clyne","year":"2016","journal-title":"ASME J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ullah, A.M.M.S., and Harib, K.H. (2018). Tutorials for Integrating CAD\/CAM in Engineering Curricula. Educ. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci8030151"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uden, L., Liberona, D., and Ristvej, J. (2018). Design and Application of a Creative Strategy Based on the Method of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in Engineering Students. Learning Technology for Education Challenges. LTEC 2018. Communications in Computer and Information Science, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-95522-3"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2017.08.086","article-title":"Problem-based learning of process systems engineering and process integration concepts with metacognitive strategies: The case of P-graphs for polygeneration systems","volume":"127","author":"Promentilla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Daniel, S. (2001). 1969: McMaster University introduces problem-based learning in medical education. History of Education: Selected Moments of the 20th Century, McCaster University. Available online: http:\/\/fcis.oise.utoronto.ca."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1080\/0305764X.2016.1259389","article-title":"Collaborative learning practices: Teacher and student perceived obstacles to effective student collaboration","volume":"48","author":"Le","year":"2018","journal-title":"Camb. J. Educ."}],"container-title":["Education Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-7102\/10\/5\/125\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:32:09Z","timestamp":1760362329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-7102\/10\/5\/125"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["educsci10050125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/educsci10050125","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-7102"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2227-7102"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]]}}}