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Teachers\u2019 perceived self-efficacy significantly influences their willingness to integrate educational robotics (ER) into their practice, so initial teacher training should provide opportunities for teachers to participate in structured activities that integrate ER. In this study, a class of pre-service teachers from an initial teacher training programme were provided with their first contact with an ER platform through the use of a simulator. We present the design process of a student exploration guide and teacher guide, developed over three iterative cycles of implementation, assessment and redesign. The analysis of the data collected allowed for improvements in the design of the tasks, the graphic component of the student exploration guide, and more precise indications for the teacher\u2019s actions. The main contribution of this study is the chain orchestration between the simulator, student exploration guide and teacher guide, which allowed pre-service teachers to solve a set of challenges of increasing complexity, thereby progressively decreasing their difficulties and contributing to an adequate integration of ER in their future teaching practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci13020210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T01:32:56Z","timestamp":1676597576000},"page":"210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Using Educational Robotics in Pre-Service Teacher Training: Orchestration between an Exploration Guide and Teacher Role"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1866-1283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"CIDTFF\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Did\u00e1tica e Tecnologia na Forma\u00e7\u00e3o de Formadores, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra, ESEC, IIA, NIEFI, 3030-329 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1812-2300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra, ESEC, IIA, NIEFI, 3030-329 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Delega\u00e7\u00e3o da Covilh\u00e3, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5376-6128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Cravino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"CIDTFF\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Did\u00e1tica e Tecnologia na Forma\u00e7\u00e3o de Formadores, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3040-9080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"INESC TEC-Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9962-562X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cec\u00edlia","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"CIDTFF\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Did\u00e1tica e Tecnologia na Forma\u00e7\u00e3o de Formadores, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9961-1538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Bernardino","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"CIDTFF\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Did\u00e1tica e Tecnologia na Forma\u00e7\u00e3o de Formadores, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spector, J.M., Merrill, M.D., Elen, J., and Bishop, M.J. (2014). 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