{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T19:31:11Z","timestamp":1770492671967,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Education Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, higher education institutions have progressively undertaken efforts to attract more diversified populations to their programs, both in the first and second cycles. These new groups include students who work professionally and who are parents. The literature that aims to address the management of multiple roles of higher education students has mainly devoted its attention to the potential conflict of roles, with a scarcity of studies focused on the positive aspects that may result from this articulation. The present study aims to analyze the relationships between satisfaction with social support (in the academic\/school, work, and family domain), satisfaction with role management and academic performance and school-family and family-school enrichment experiences. The study was carried out using a questionnaire, with 155 students working fathers\/mothers allowed to identify predictors of school-family and family-school enrichment. The results provide a better understanding of the factors that contribute to a student role having a positive impact on other life roles, namely the professional role and the role of father\/mother.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci13101024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T08:07:12Z","timestamp":1697011632000},"page":"1024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["School-Family and Family-School Enrichment: A Study with Portuguese Working Student Parents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6601-9220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Andrade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, 3030-329 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Psicologia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0511-9425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana Lobo","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, 3030-329 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra, CERNAS, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krsti\u0107, M., Filipe, J.A., and Chavaglia, J. (2020). Higher Education as a Determinant of the Competitiveness and Sustainable Development of an Economy. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12166607"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1007\/s11162-021-09658-4","article-title":"Inequality of Opportunity in Tertiary Education: Evidence from Europe","volume":"63","author":"Palmisano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res. High. Educ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01937","article-title":"Age-Diversity Practices and Retirement Preferences Among Older Workers: A Moderated Mediation Model of Work Engagement and Work Ability","volume":"10","author":"Sousa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Dire\u00e7\u00e3o Geral do Ensino Superior [DGES] (2021). Relat\u00f3rio Sobre o Acesso ao Ensino Superior, DGES."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Comiss\u00e3o Europeia [CE] (2019). Monitor da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o e da Forma\u00e7\u00e3o de 2019\u2014Portugal, Servi\u00e7o das Publica\u00e7\u00f5es da Uni\u00e3o Europeia."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.5817\/SP2020-4-6","article-title":"Entering higher education after 30: What can be learned from biographical narratives of non-traditional students","volume":"25","author":"Dotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stud. Paedagog."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"140","article-title":"Autoefic\u00e1cia formativa e envolvimento nos processos de aprendizagem de estudantes portugueses maiores de 23 anos","volume":"32","author":"Barros","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Port. Educ."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Observat\u00f3rio da Responsabilidade Social e Institui\u00e7\u00f5es do Ensino Superior [ORSIES] (2018). Livro Verde Sobre Responsabilidade Social e Institui\u00e7\u00f5es de Ensino Superior, Forum Press."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/jicte.2007040101","article-title":"Learning in Higher Education: Strategies to overcome challenges faced by adult students\u2014Lessons drawn from two case studies in Portugal","volume":"3","author":"Correia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Commun. Technol. Educ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/02660830.2013.11661642","article-title":"Mature students\u2019 transition processes to higher education: Challenging traditional concepts?","volume":"45","author":"Fragoso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stud. Educ. Adults"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-79722006000300020","article-title":"Acesso e sucesso no Ensino Superior em Portugal: Quest\u00f5es de g\u00e9nero, origem sociocultural e percurso acad\u00e9mico dos alunos","volume":"19","author":"Almeida","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psicol. Reflex\u00e3o Cr\u00edtica"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"147","article-title":"Mulheres estudantes trabalhadoras na Universidade do Porto\u2014Uma licenciatura \u201cfora do tempo\u201d ou \u201csem tempo\u201d?","volume":"18","author":"Oliveira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev. Ex-Aequo"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1080\/09540250303860","article-title":"A risky business? Mature working-class women students and access to higher education","volume":"15","author":"Reay","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gend. Educ."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Adams, G., Spaulding, S., and Heller, C. (2015). Bridging the Gap: Exploring the Intersection of Workforce Development and Child Care, Urban Institute."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/1477971417721717","article-title":"Adding school to work-family balance: The role of support for Portuguese working mothers attending a master\u2019s degree","volume":"32","author":"Andrade","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Adult Contin. Educ."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"33","article-title":"Estudantes adultos no Ensino Superior: O que os motiva e o que os desafia no regresso \u00e0 vida acad\u00e9mica","volume":"27","author":"Quintas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Port. Educ."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Van Rhijn, T.M., and Lero, D.S. (2009, January 16\u201318). School-family conflict and enrichment in undergraduate student parents. Proceedings of the International Community, Work and Family Conference, Utrecht, The Netherlands."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/07377363.2017.1272439","article-title":"Gender Differences in School Family Conflict and School-Family Enrichment in Non-Traditional Portuguese Students","volume":"65","author":"Andrade","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Contin. High. Educ."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"101","article-title":"School-to-Family and Family-to-School Enrichment in Women pursuing Post-Secondary Education","volume":"60","author":"Andrade","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"640","article-title":"Rethinking the \u201cNontraditional\u201d Student from a Historical Perspective","volume":"74","author":"Ogren","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. High. Educ."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1353\/rhe.1998.a30045","article-title":"Studying College Students in the 21st Century: Meeting New Challenges","volume":"21","author":"Terenzini","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rev. High. Educ."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"261","article-title":"The role of peer support in promoting college enrollment among low-income students","volume":"58","author":"Artz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res. High. Educ."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"305","article-title":"Role of social support and peer support in promoting successful educational outcomes for students from low-income families","volume":"25","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asia-Pac. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Barriers, enablers, and strategies for success identified by undergraduate student parents","volume":"5","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can. J. New Sch. Educ."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"439","article-title":"The relationship between student employment and academic performance in college: Moderating effect of academic motivation","volume":"44","author":"Liao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stud. High. Educ."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1177\/0741713602052002005","article-title":"Support Systems, Psychological Functioning, and Academic Performance of Nontraditional Female Students","volume":"52","author":"Tan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adult Educ. Q."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"785","article-title":"A longitudinal study of the effects of family responsibilities on education, occupation, and wages","volume":"86","author":"Lynch","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.5817\/SP2020-4-4","article-title":"Mature vs young working students: Similarities, differences, and drivers of graduation and dropout","volume":"25","author":"Carreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stud. Paedagog."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1177\/1523422307305487","article-title":"Conceptualizing Work\u2014Family Balance: Implications for Practice and Research","volume":"9","author":"Grzywacz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv. Dev. Hum. Resour."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Van Rhijn, T.M. (2012). Post-Secondary Students with Children: An Investigation of Motivation and the Experiences of Student Parents. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Guelph]."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"191","article-title":"Multiple roles of student parents: Managing work, family, and academics","volume":"59","author":"Nelson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Coll. Stud. Dev."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"993","article-title":"The Work-Life Experiences of Student Parents in Higher Education","volume":"37","author":"Deeming","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Fam. Issues"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.17575\/psicologia.v35i1.1694","article-title":"Role boundary management during COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative analysis of focus group data with working-student mothers","volume":"35","author":"Andrade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psicologia"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1080\/02601370.2014.884178","article-title":"The influence of self-efficacy beliefs for student parents attending university","volume":"33","author":"Lero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Lifelong Educ."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"29","article-title":"Unmet needs: Challenges to success from the perspectives of mature university students","volume":"28","author":"Lero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can. J. Study Adult Educ."}],"container-title":["Education Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-7102\/13\/10\/1024\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:04:46Z","timestamp":1760130286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-7102\/13\/10\/1024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["educsci13101024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/educsci13101024","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-7102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-7102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]}}}