{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:26:12Z","timestamp":1760145972946,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["2022.09013.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.09013.PTDC"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Education Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper addresses the challenge of assessing relatedness and functional interdependence through connecting passes within invasion games, which may offer valuable pedagogical insights into gameplay for accessibility and inclusiveness. Hence, the purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, it presents preliminary work on the methodology for computing open passing lanes and derived metrics, integrating spatiotemporal data analysis with event data. Secondly, using a within-subject design, it investigates how modified handball games influence game play opportunities. Data were collected during handball matches in a pre-teens Physical Education (PE) class with mixed-skill-level teams. Game actions (e.g., passes, receptions, and shots) were manually recorded through systematic observation of video footage, while players\u2019 positional data were captured with ultra-wideband technology. Findings provide evidence that employing a numerical advantage (one player up) enhances overall opportunities for individual attacking actions (i.e., more passing, catching actions, and goal-scoring opportunities) and relational actions (i.e., more open passing lanes) compared to equal numbers. Conversely, equal numbers with individual marking appeared more challenging, as fewer secure passing lanes were observed, and the ball possessor spent more time with the ball before releasing it. The developed approach holds promise for studying designed games to enhance inclusion and learning opportunities for all.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci14090985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T09:20:29Z","timestamp":1725614429000},"page":"985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modified Handball in Physical Education: Investigating Opportunities for Inclusion and Relatedness"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9517-3841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Estriga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6977-0519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1539-4201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Am\u00e2ndio","family":"Gra\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Research and Intervention in Education (CIIE), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2820-895X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Research and Intervention in Education (CIIE), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1177\/1356336X211002855","article-title":"Students\u2019 experiences and learning of social inclusion in team activities in physical education","volume":"27","author":"Hovdal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. 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