{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T03:17:18Z","timestamp":1771471038069,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00194\/2020; UIDP\/00194\/2020; UIDB\/00081\/2020; LA\/P\/0056\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00194\/2020; UIDP\/00194\/2020; UIDB\/00081\/2020; LA\/P\/0056\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Education Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The quality of initial and continuous training for primary-school teachers is essential to fostering science education and building strong scientific foundations. This qualitative case study, conducted over two consecutive school years in Portugal, examines the impact of a continuous professional development program aimed at addressing gaps in primary teachers\u2019 experimental science teaching. The program took place in the municipality of Penafiel and was organized by a university research team in collaboration with local schools. The program combined face-to-face sessions, in-school support from expert monitors, and the provision of teaching resources. Data were drawn from Individual Final Reflective Reports written by 108 teachers, all of whom participated through mandatory enrollment in the local training initiative. The sample was therefore exhaustive, covering the entire population targeted by the municipality. The reports were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, following an inductive coding process supported by peer validation. NVivo (version 14) software was used to assist in the categorization and management of textual data. The analysis revealed that teachers highly valued the training, particularly highlighting the relevance of the content, the effectiveness of the methodologies, and the training\u2019s practical utility in overcoming classroom challenges. The program enhanced teachers\u2019 confidence in implementing experimental activities and improved their teaching practices. The study underscores the importance of continuous professional development in strengthening teacher qualifications and science education. Limitations include reliance on self-reported reflections, the focus on a single municipality, and the absence of triangulation with classroom observations. Nevertheless, the program demonstrates that combining active methodologies, contextualized classroom support, and resource provision is a promising model for teacher professional development. The implications are relevant for policymakers, training centers, and teacher educators designing continuous professional development initiatives. Future research should explore scalability, longitudinal effects, and the comparative effectiveness of different continuous professional development mode.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci15101352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T08:10:31Z","timestamp":1760343031000},"page":"1352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Portuguese Primary-School Teachers\u2019 Experiences on Their Participation in a Professional Development Program on Experimental Science Teaching"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3004-8529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Sa\u00fade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Chemistry (CIQUP), Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Science Teaching Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0617-2407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Lu\u00eds","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre on Didactics and Technology in the Education of Trainers (CIDTFF), Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2136-0019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Chemistry (CIQUP), Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Science Teaching Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Research on relevant and diverse issues in teacher education","volume":"46","author":"Admiraal","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Teacher Education"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2010.08.007","article-title":"Teacher professional development in Teaching and Teacher Education over ten years","volume":"27","author":"Avalos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Teaching and Teacher Education"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Bardin, L. 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