{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T13:04:17Z","timestamp":1774875857613,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,30]],"date-time":"2021-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AAL Joint Programme","award":["Grant No. AAL-2018-5- 115-CP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. AAL-2018-5- 115-CP"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Electronics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article focuses on an eHealth application, CogniViTra, to support cognitive and physical training (i.e., dual-task training), which can be done at home with supervision of a health care provider. CogniViTra was designed and implemented to take advantage of an existing Platform of Services supporting a Cognitive Health Ecosystem and comprises several components, including the CogniViTra Box (i.e., the patient terminal equipment), the Virtual Coach to provide assistance, the Game Presentation for the rehabilitation exercises, and the Pose and Gesture Recognition to quantify responses during dual-task training. In terms of validation, a functional prototype was exposed in a highly specialized event related to healthy and active ageing, and key stakeholders were invited to test it and share their insights. Fifty-seven specialists in information-technology-based applications to support healthy and active ageing were involved and the results and indicated that the functional prototype presents good performance in recognizing poses and gestures such as moving the trunk to the left or to the right, and that most of the participants would use or suggest the utilization of CogniViTra. In general, participants considered that CogniViTra is a useful tool and may represent an added value for remote dual-task training.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10111304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T00:22:15Z","timestamp":1622420535000},"page":"1304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["CogniViTra, a Digital Solution to Support Dual-Task Rehabilitation Training"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8513-2664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Quintas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Automation and Systems, Instituto Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Pais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroinova, EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4410-463 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Isabel","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINTESIS.UA, School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroinova, 4410-463 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"L\u00facia","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Automation and Systems, Instituto Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Automation and Systems, Instituto Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Benhsain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehazenter\u2014Centre National de R\u00e9\u00e9ducation Fonctionnelle et de R\u00e9adaptation, L-2674 Luxembourg, Luxembourg"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2061-0968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Dierick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehazenter\u2014Centre National de R\u00e9\u00e9ducation Fonctionnelle et de R\u00e9adaptation, L-2674 Luxembourg, Luxembourg"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Call\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Automation and Systems, Instituto Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3801-7249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelson Pacheco","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IEETA, Department of Medical, Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5333-4771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edtor Tedim","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4464-513 Senhora da Hora, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00648","article-title":"Technologies for Cognitive Training and Cognitive Rehabilitation for People with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. A Systematic Review","volume":"11","author":"Irazoki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., Loring, D.W., and Fischer, J.S. (2004). Neuropsychological Assessment, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15344","DOI":"10.2196\/15344","article-title":"Design, Development, and Testing of an App for Dual-Task Assessment and Training Regarding Cognitive-Motor Interference (CMI-APP) in People with Multiple Sclerosis: Multicenter Pilot Study","volume":"8","author":"Tacchino","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth uHealth"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McIsaac, T.L., Lamberg, E.M., and Muratori, L.M. (2015). Building a framework for a dual task taxonomy. BioMed Res. Int., 591475.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/591475"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0000000000000097","article-title":"What Are We Attempting to Improve When We Train Dual-Task Performance?","volume":"39","author":"Plummer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2016-0094","article-title":"Effects of the addition of a dual task to a supervised physical exercise program on older adults\u2019 cognitive performance","volume":"25","author":"Ansai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Aging Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.01.007","article-title":"Cognitive intervention in amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Simon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of multicomponent exercise on cognitive function in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"1","author":"Suzuki","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suzuki, T., Shimada, H., Makizako, H., Doi, T., Yoshida, D., Ito, K., Shimokata, H., Washimi, Y., Endo, H., and Kato, T. (2013). A randomized controlled trial of multicomponent exercise in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. PLoS ONE, 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061483"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60325-5","article-title":"Stroke rehabilitation","volume":"9778","author":"Langhorne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Michael, P.B., and David, C.G. (2013). Foreward. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michael, P.B., and David, C.G. (2013). Preface. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctt1cg4mp2.5"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.189","article-title":"The Mental Activity and eXercise (MAX) trial: A randomized controlled trial to enhance cognitive function in older adults","volume":"9","author":"Barnes","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00076","article-title":"The aerobic and cognitive exercise study (ACES) for community-dwelling older adults with or at-risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI): Neuropsychological, neurobiological and neuroimaging outcomes of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Barcelos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317517727068","article-title":"Mental training enhances cognitive function and BDNF more than either physical or combined training in elderly women with MCI: A small-scale study","volume":"1","author":"Damirchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis. Other Dement."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"441","article-title":"Cognitive and physical impact of cognitive-motor dual-task training in cognitively impaired older adults: An overview","volume":"6","author":"Mandigout","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurophysiol. Clinique."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1159\/000444084","article-title":"A combined cognitive stimulation and physical exercise programme (MINDVital) in early dementia: Differential effects on single-and dual-task gait performance","volume":"6","author":"Tay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00162","article-title":"Effects of virtual reality-based physical and cognitive training on executive function and dual-task gait performance in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized control trial","volume":"11","author":"Liao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4856146","article-title":"Making more of IT: Enabling intensive motor cognitive rehabilitation exercises in geriatrics using information technology solutions","volume":"2018","author":"McCaskey","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Martins, A.I., Quintas, J., Neves, L., Sousa, S., Cruz, V.T., Pais, J., Benhsain, D., Call\u00e9n, A., and Rocha, N.P. (2020, January 2\u20134). Cognivitra: An Information Technology-Based Solution to Support Cognitive and Physical Training at Home. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Software Development and Technologies for Enhancing Accessibility and Fighting Info-exclusion, Vila Real, Portugal."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.3840","article-title":"Implementation and Outcomes of a Collaborative Multi-Center Network Aimed at Web-Based Cognitive Training\u2013COGWEB Network","volume":"1","author":"Cruz","year":"2014","journal-title":"JMIR Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Development of a self-administered web-based test for longitudinal cognitive assessment","volume":"1","author":"Ruano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.11.015","article-title":"Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: Updated review of the literature from 2003 through 2008","volume":"4","author":"Cicerone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70291-0","article-title":"Lifetime risk of stroke and dementia: Current concepts, and estimates from the Framingham Study","volume":"12","author":"Seshadri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1159\/000210092","article-title":"Burden of caregivers of people with stroke: Evolution and predictors","volume":"27","author":"Vincent","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rebok, G.W., Langbaum, J.B., Jones, R.N., Gross, A.L., Parisi, J.M., Spira, A.P., Kueider, A.M., Petras, H., and Brandt, J. (2012). Memory training in the active study: How much is needed and who benefits?. J. Aging Health, 21S\u201342S.","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264312461937"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2007). Atlas: Global Resources for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities, WHO Press."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60891-X","article-title":"Scale up of services for mental health in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"378","author":"Eaton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61093-3","article-title":"Human resources for mental health care: Current situation and strategies for action","volume":"378","author":"Kakuma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1310\/tsr1601-20","article-title":"European comparison of stroke rehabilitation","volume":"16","author":"Putman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.482869","article-title":"Motor and functional recovery after stroke: A comparison of 4 european rehabilitation centers","volume":"38","author":"Putman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000025","article-title":"The interaction between training and plasticity in the poststroke brain","volume":"26","author":"Zeiler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968311425908","article-title":"The promise of mhealth: Daily activity monitoring and outcome assessments by wearable sensors","volume":"25","author":"Dobkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurorehabil. Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70290-9","article-title":"Rating scales as outcome measures for clinical trials in neurology: Problems, solutions, and recommendations","volume":"6","author":"Hobart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2008-23110","article-title":"Pharmacological enhancement of motor recovery in subacute and chronic stroke","volume":"23","author":"Rosser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurorehabilitation"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iosa, M., Morone, G., Fusco, A., Bragoni, M., Coiro, P., Multari, M., Venturiero, V., de Angelis, D., Pratesi, L., and Paolucci, S. (2012). Seven capital devices for the future of stroke rehabilitation. Stroke Res. Treat., 187965.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/187965"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selzer, M.E. (2006). Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511545078"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52901-5.00001-0","article-title":"Neural plasticity and its contribution to functional recovery","volume":"110","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Michael, P.B., and David, C.G. (2013). Chapter 5\u2014Clinical trials in neurorehabilitation. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12523","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605194103","article-title":"Memory enhancement in healthy older adults using a brain plasticity-based training program: A randomized, controlled study","volume":"103","author":"Mahncke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2009.11.003","article-title":"Healthy brain aging: Role of cognitive reserve, cognitive stimulation, and cognitive exercises","volume":"26","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Geriatr. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00887","article-title":"Recovery after brain injury: Mechanisms and principles","volume":"7","author":"Nudo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/78.4.487","article-title":"Residual function following hemispherectomy for tumour and for infantile hemiplegia","volume":"78","author":"Gardner","year":"1955","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00025-8","article-title":"Nervous system reorganization following injury","volume":"111","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2010.01262.x","article-title":"Reorganization after pre- and perinatal brain lesions","volume":"217","author":"Staudt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"451","article-title":"Period of susceptibility for cross-modal plasticity in the blind","volume":"4","author":"Cohen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol. Off. J. Am. Neurol. Assoc. Child Neurol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.05.011","article-title":"Corticospinal tract development and its plasticity after perinatal injury","volume":"31","author":"Eyre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70507-0","article-title":"Executive function following focal frontal lobe lesions: Impact of timing of lesion on outcome","volume":"43","author":"Jacobs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215518758482","article-title":"Dual-task training effects on motor and cognitive functional abilities in individuals with stroke: A systematic review","volume":"7","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu175","article-title":"Cognitive motor interference for preventing falls in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2017.0065","article-title":"Effects of Kinect adventures games versus conventional physical therapy on postural control in elderly people: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Bacha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Games Health J."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lotfi, A., Langensiepen, C., and Yahaya, S.W. (2018). Socially assistive robotics: Robot exercise trainer for older adults. Technologies, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/technologies6010032"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-182683","article-title":"Cognitive-motor exergaming for reducing fall risk in people with chronic stroke: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"44","author":"Kannan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurorehabilitation"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e029409","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029409","article-title":"Effect of cognitive-only and cognitive-motor training on preventing falls in community-dwelling older people: Protocol for the smart\u00b1step randomised controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Sturnieks","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arlati, S., Colombo, V., Spoladore, D., Greci, L., Pedroli, E., Serino, S., and Sacco, M. (2019). A social virtual reality-based application for the physical and cognitive training of the elderly at home. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19020261"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-019-09696-2","article-title":"Cognitive system framework for brain-training exercise based on human-robot interaction","volume":"12","author":"Andriella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cogn. Comput."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18127","DOI":"10.2196\/18127","article-title":"Cognitive Training Using Fully Immersive, Enriched Environment Virtual Reality for Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia: Feasibility and Usability Study","volume":"8","author":"Yun","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Serious Games"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phirom, K., Kamnardsiri, T., and Sungkarat, S. (2020). Beneficial Effects of Interactive Physical-Cognitive Game-Based Training on Fall Risk and Cognitive Performance of Older Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17176079"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01620","article-title":"Novel mat exergaming to improve the physical performance, cognitive function, and dual-task walking and decrease the fall risk of community-dwelling older adults","volume":"11","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00321","article-title":"Effects of an in-home multicomponent exergame training on physical functions, cognition, and brain volume of older adults: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Adcock","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104994","article-title":"Can robotic gait rehabilitation plus Virtual Reality affect cognitive and behavioural outcomes in patients with chronic stroke? A randomized controlled trial involving three different protocols","volume":"29","author":"Manuli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Shen, Z., Liu, S., Yuan, D., and Miao, C. (2021). Ping Pong: An Exergame for Cognitive Inhibition Training. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact., 1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2020.1870826"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00806-7","article-title":"The efficacy of exergaming in people with major neurocognitive disorder residing in long-term care facilities: A pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Swinnen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.589299","article-title":"Dual-Task Exercise to Improve Cognition and Functional Capacity of Healthy Older Adults","volume":"13","author":"Jardim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.09.395","article-title":"Effects of virtual reality vs conventional balance training on balance and falls in people with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"102","author":"Molhemi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.8","article-title":"Service oriented architecture","volume":"1","author":"Laskey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Comput. Stat."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"Wechsler, D. (1997). WAIS-III Administration and Scoring Manual, Psychological Corporation."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-019-1467-2","article-title":"A Parser to Support the Definition of Access Control Policies and Rules Using Natural Languages","volume":"44","author":"Rosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Syst."},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"(2021, May 26). OASIS, XACML (2013). Available online: http:\/\/docs.oasis-open.org\/xacml\/3.0\/xacml-3.0-core-spec-os-en.html."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-020-03084-4","article-title":"Blockchain structures to guarantee logging integrity of a digital platform to support community-dwelling older adults","volume":"23","author":"Rosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clust. Comput."},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"(2021, April 07). SmartBody. Available online: https:\/\/smartbody.ict.usc.edu\/."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2007.893280","article-title":"Gesture recognition: A survey","volume":"3","author":"Mitra","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2017.02.004","article-title":"Gesture recognition for human-robot collaboration: A review","volume":"68","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Ind. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1109\/34.735811","article-title":"Real-time american sign language recognition using desk and wearable computer based video","volume":"12","author":"Starner","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1145\/1897816.1897838","article-title":"Vision-based hand-gesture applications","volume":"2","author":"Wachs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"Gokturk, S.B., Yalcin, H., and Bamji, C. (July, January 27). A time-of-flight depth sensor-system description, issues and solutions. Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop, Washington, DC, USA."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kapu\u015bci\u0144ski, T., Oszust, M., and Wysocki, M. (2014). Hand gesture recognition using time-of-flight camera and viewpoint feature histogram. Intelligent Systems in Technical and Medical Diagnostics, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39881-0_34"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2013.112313.130355","article-title":"Superpixel-based hand gesture recognition with kinect depth camera","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimed."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2006.10.012","article-title":"Vision-based hand pose estimation: A review","volume":"1","author":"Erol","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput. Vis. Image Underst."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyali, A., Hashimoto, N., and Matsumoto, O. (2015, January 27\u201330). Hand posture and gesture recognition using MYO armband and spectral collaborative representation based classification. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE 4th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE), Osaka, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/GCCE.2015.7398619"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., and Harrison, C. (2015, January 8\u201311). Wearable, low-cost electrical impedance tomography for hand gesture recognition. Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software & Technology, Charlotte, NC, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/2807442.2807480"},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multiple hand gesture recognition using surface EMG signals","volume":"1","author":"Haroon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Eng. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roy, S., Ghosh, S., and Barat, A. (2016, January 19\u201321). Real-time implementation of electromyography for hand gesture detection using micro accelerometer. Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence and Evolutionary Computations in Engineering Systems 2016, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-81-322-2656-7_32"},{"key":"ref_84","unstructured":"(2021, May 26). Google, Project Soli. Available online: atap.google.com\/soli."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1109\/38.674972","article-title":"Electric field sensing for graphical interfaces","volume":"18","author":"Smith","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adib, F., and Katabi, D. (2013, January 12\u201316). See through walls with WiFi!. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 Conference, Hong Kong, China.","DOI":"10.1145\/2486001.2486039"},{"key":"ref_87","unstructured":"Adib, F., Kabelac, Z., Katabi, D., and Miller, R.C. (2014, January 2\u20134). 3d tracking via body radio reflections. Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 14), Seattle, WA, USA."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2816795.2818072","article-title":"Capturing the human figure through a wall","volume":"6","author":"Adib","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye, M., Wang, X., Yang, R., Ren, L., and Pollefeys, M. (2011, January 6\u201313). Accurate 3d pose estimation from a single depth image. Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Computer Vision, Barcelona, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2011.6126310"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.4249\/scholarpedia.1883","article-title":"K-nearest neighbor","volume":"2","author":"Peterson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scholarpedia"},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"331","article-title":"Fast approximate nearest neighbors with automatic algorithm configuration","volume":"2","author":"Muja","year":"2009","journal-title":"VISAPP"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1109\/34.790429","article-title":"Parametric hidden markov models for gesture recognition","volume":"9","author":"Wilson","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218001401000812","article-title":"Hidden Markov models for modeling and recognizing gesture under variation","volume":"1","author":"Wilson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1109\/5254.708428","article-title":"Support vector machines","volume":"4","author":"Hearst","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Intell. Syst. Their Appl."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patsadu, O., Nukoolkit, C., and Watanapa, B. (June, January 30). Human gesture recognition using Kinect camera. Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE), Bangkok, Thailand.","DOI":"10.1109\/JCSSE.2012.6261920"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, K.P., and Yuan, F. (2013, January 23\u201324). Static hand gesture recognition based on HOG characters and support vector machines. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Instrumentation and Measurement, Sensor Network and Automation (IMSNA), Toronto, ON, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/IMSNA.2013.6743432"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7714","DOI":"10.3390\/s130607714","article-title":"Geometric feature-based facial expression recognition in image sequences using multi-class adaboost and support vector machines","volume":"6","author":"Ghimire","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_98","unstructured":"Haykin, S. (2009). Neural Networks and Learning Machines, Prentice Hall."},{"key":"ref_99","first-page":"466","article-title":"Real-time hand tracking and gesture recognition system using neural networks","volume":"50","author":"Maung","year":"2009","journal-title":"World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_100","unstructured":"D\u2019Orazio, T., Attolico, G., Cicirelli, G., and Guaragnella, C. (2014, January 6\u20138). A Neural Network Approach for Human Gesture Recognition with a Kinect Sensor. Proceedings of the ICPRAM, Anger, France."},{"key":"ref_101","first-page":"436","article-title":"Deep learning","volume":"7553","author":"Hinton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2019.2929257","article-title":"OpenPose: Realtime multi-person 2D pose estimation using Part Affinity Fields","volume":"43","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"ref_103","first-page":"200","article-title":"What is Peer Review, and Does it Have a Future?","volume":"39","author":"Sowards","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bibl. Forsch. Prax."},{"key":"ref_104","unstructured":"(2021, April 07). AAL Forum\u2014Ageing Well in the Digital World. Available online: http:\/\/www.aal-europe.eu\/aal-forum\/."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/523146a","article-title":"How to beat HIV","volume":"7559","author":"Hayden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. News"}],"container-title":["Electronics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9292\/10\/11\/1304\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:09:00Z","timestamp":1760162940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9292\/10\/11\/1304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,30]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["electronics10111304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/electronics10111304","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-9292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-9292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,30]]}}}