{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T19:28:32Z","timestamp":1769023712290,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]],"date-time":"2021-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\/MCTES through national funds and when applicable co-funded EU funds under the project","award":["UIDB\/50008\/2020-UIDP\/50008\/2020."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50008\/2020-UIDP\/50008\/2020."]}]},{"name":"This work is part of the POSITION-II project funded by the ECSEL joint Undertaking","award":["grant number Ecsel-7831132-Postitio-II-2017-IA."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant number Ecsel-7831132-Postitio-II-2017-IA."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Electronics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas with four and eight elements having connected grounds are designed for ultra-wideband applications. Careful optimization of the lines connecting the grounds leads to reduced mutual coupling amongst the radiating patches. The proposed antenna has a modified substrate geometry and comprises a circular arc-shaped conductive element on the top with the modified ground plane geometry. Polarization diversity and isolation are achieved by replicating the elements orthogonally forming a plus shape antenna structure. The modified ground plane consists of an inverted L strip and semi ellipse slot over the partial ground that helps the antenna in achieving effective wide bandwidth spanning from (117.91%) 2.84\u201311 GHz. Both 4\/8-port antenna achieves a size of 0.61 \u03bb \u00d7 0.61 \u03bb mm2 (lowest frequency) where 4-port antenna is printed on FR4 substrate. The 4-port UWB MIMO antenna attains wide impedance bandwidth, Omni-directional pattern, isolation &gt;15 dB, ECC &lt; 0.015, and average gain &gt;4.5 dB making the MIMO antenna suitable for portable UWB applications. Four element antenna structure is further extended to 8-element configuration with the connected ground where the decent value of IBW, isolation, and ECC is achieved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10121476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,20]],"date-time":"2021-06-20T22:00:02Z","timestamp":1624226402000},"page":"1476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["8-Port Semi-Circular Arc MIMO Antenna with an Inverted L-Strip Loaded Connected Ground for UWB Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tathababu","family":"Addepalli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ECE, JNTUA, Andhra Pradesh, Anantapur 515002, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4813-2964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arpan","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, CSPIT, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa 388421, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0440-8025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Issa","family":"Elfergani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Anveshkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronics and Communications Engineering, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal 466114, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0786-4373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jayshri","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune 411037, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9803-9346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chemseddine","family":"Zebiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire D\u2019Electronique de Puissance et Commande Industrielle (LEPCI), Department of Electronics, University of Ferhat Abbas, SETIF -1-, Setif 19000, Algeria"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2972-9965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raed","family":"Abd-Alhameed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK"},{"name":"Information and Comms Eng. Dept., Basrah University College of Science and Technology, Basrah 24001, Iraq"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Federal Communications Commission (2002). Federal Communications Commission Revision of Part 15 of the Commision\u2019s Rules Regarding Ultra-Wideband Transmission System from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz, ET-Docket."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2008.2008784","article-title":"An overview of ultrawide- band systems with MIMO","volume":"97","author":"Kaiser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2017.2658346","article-title":"Current misuses and future prospects for printed multiple input, multiple-output antenna systems [wireless corner]","volume":"59","author":"Sharawi","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Propag. 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