{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T20:12:43Z","timestamp":1773691963093,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LZ20E050002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LZ20E050002"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1913601, 52175033 and 51775485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1913601, 52175033 and 51775485"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Electronics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Research on the lower limb exoskeleton for rehabilitation have developed rapidly to meet the need of the aging population. The rehabilitation exoskeleton system is a wearable man\u2013machine integrated mechanical device. In recent years, the vigorous development of exoskeletal technology has brought new ideas to the rehabilitation and medical treatment of patients with motion dysfunction, which is expected to help such people complete their daily physiological activities or even reshape their motion function. The rehabilitation exoskeletons conduct assistance based on detecting intention, control algorithm, and high-performance actuators. In this paper, we review rehabilitation exoskeletons from the aspects of the overall design, driving unit, intention perception, compliant control, and efficiency validation. We discussed the complexity and coupling of the man\u2013machine integration system, and we hope to provide a guideline when designing a rehabilitation exoskeleton system for the lower limbs of elderly and disabled patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11030388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T21:59:55Z","timestamp":1643320795000},"page":"388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["A Review on the Rehabilitation Exoskeletons for the Lower Limbs of the Elderly and the Disabled"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Lishui High-Tech Industry Investment Co., Ltd., 288 Qinhuai Avenue, Lishui District, Nanjing 211200, China"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"given":"Chenhao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2797-0264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada-Cho, Kami 782-8502, Japan"}]},{"given":"Shuoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada-Cho, Kami 782-8502, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0143-9421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o P.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Superior of Engineering of Coimbra, Quinta da Nora, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Xiufeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids Technology and System of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing 100176, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, X.-Y., Lin, G.-Z., Huang, Q., Li, C.-B., Hallett, M., Voon, V., Ren, R.-J., Chen, S.-D., and Wang, G. 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