{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T08:06:52Z","timestamp":1774944412021,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["609767-EPP-1-2019-1-ES EPPKA2- CBHE-JP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["609767-EPP-1-2019-1-ES EPPKA2- CBHE-JP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LASER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LASER"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Electronics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, most Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) across the globe moved towards \u201cemergency online education\u201d, experiencing a metamorphosis that advanced their capacities and competencies as never before. Teaching and Learning Centers (TLCs), the internal units that promote sustainable transformations, can play a key role in making this metamorphosis last. Existing models for TLCs have defined the competencies that they could help develop, focusing on teachers\u2019, students\u2019, and managers\u2019 development, but have mislead aspects such as leadership, organizational processes, and infrastructures. This paper evaluates the PROF-XXI framework, which offers a holistic perspective on the competencies that TLCs should develop for supporting deep and sustainable transformations of HEIs. The framework was evaluated with 83 participants from four Latin American institutions and used for analyzing the transformation of their teaching and learning practices during the pandemic lockdown. The result of the analysis shows that the PROF-XXI framework was useful for identifying the teaching and learning competencies addressed by the institutions, their deficiencies, and their strategic changes. Specifically, this study shows that most institutions counted with training plans for teachers before this period, mainly in the competencies of digital technologies and pedagogical quality, but that other initiatives were created to reinforce them, including students\u2019 support actions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11030413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T23:02:06Z","timestamp":1643497326000},"page":"413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A Competency Framework for Teaching and Learning Innovation Centers for the 21st Century: Anticipating the Post-COVID-19 Age"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mar","family":"P\u00e9rez-Sanagust\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, 31062 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1993-8192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iouri","family":"Kotorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, 31062 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Department of International Business, W\u00e4rtsil\u00e4 Campus, Karelia University of Applied Sciences, 80200 Joensuu, Finland"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Philosophy, School of Arts and Humanities, Universidade Aberta, 1600-214 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Mansilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Broisin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, 31062 Toulouse, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3082-0814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Alario-Hoyos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telematics Department, Campus Legan\u00e9s, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain"}]},{"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Jerez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Economics and Business School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile"},{"name":"Laspau Affiliated with Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138-6095, USA"}]},{"given":"Maria do Carmo","family":"Teixeira Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Philosophy, School of Arts and Humanities, Universidade Aberta, 1600-214 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1808-8410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boni","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telematics Department, Campus Legan\u00e9s, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4093-3705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Delgado Kloos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telematics Department, Campus Legan\u00e9s, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8742-8186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute Von Neumann, Universidad de Galileo, Ciudad de Guatemala 01010, Guatemala"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Solarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telematics Department, Universidad del Cauca, Popay\u00e1n 190002, Colombia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5840-6842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Magdiel","family":"Oliva-C\u00f3rdova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information and Communication Unit, Medical School, Universidad San Carlos de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala 01012, Guatemala"}]},{"given":"Astrid Helena","family":"Gonzalez Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Education and Pegagogy Department, Universidad San Buenaventura de Cali, Cali 764501, Colombia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Dr\u00fcke, V. (2013). \u00dcbergangsgeschichten: Von Kafka, Widmer, K\u00e4stner, Gass, Ondaatje, Auster und anderen Verwandlungsk\u00fcnstlern, Athena-Verlag."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"UNESCO (2021, October 22). Education: From Disruption to Recovery. Available online: https:\/\/en.unesco.org\/covid19\/educationresponse."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/he.71","article-title":"Learning and Teaching Centers: Hubs of Educational Reform","volume":"119","author":"Singer","year":"2002","journal-title":"New Dir. High. Educ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/tl.20043","article-title":"Cocreating value in teaching and learning centers","volume":"133","author":"Schumann","year":"2013","journal-title":"New Dir. Teach. Learn."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/1360144X.2011.546211","article-title":"Changing perspectives: Teaching and learning centres\u2019 strategic contributions to academic development in Australian higher education","volume":"16","author":"Holt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Acad. Dev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1086\/713315","article-title":"Clustering Secondary Education and the Focus on Science: Impacts on Higher Education and the Job Market in Bangladesh","volume":"65","author":"Alam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comp. Educ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Dondi, M., Klier, J., Panier, F., and Schubert, J. (2021). Defining the Skills Citizens Will Need in the Future World of Work, McKinsey & Company. Available online: https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/industries\/public-and-social-sector\/our-insights\/defining-the-skills-citizens-will-need-in-the-future-world-of-work."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blaschke, P., Demel, J., and Kotorov, I. (2021). Innovation Performance of Small, Medium-Sized, and Large Enterprises in Czechia and Finland. ACC J., 27.","DOI":"10.15240\/tul\/004\/2021-2-001"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2021.121034","article-title":"Online technology: Sustainable higher education or diploma disease for emerging society during emergency\u2014Comparison between pre and during COVID-19","volume":"172","author":"Alam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"196","article-title":"The transformation of higher education after the COVID disruption: Emerging challenges in an online learning scenario","volume":"12","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1080\/1360144X.2019.1594238","article-title":"A teaching accompaniment and development model: Possibilities and challenges for teaching and learning centers","volume":"24","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Acad. Dev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8535.1986.tb00500.x","article-title":"A Logical Model for Curriculum Development","volume":"17","author":"Cowan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br. J. Educ. Technol."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Tyler, R.W. (1949). Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.5944\/openpraxis.6.1.102","article-title":"From Place to Virtual Space: Reconfiguring Student Support for Distance and E-Learning in the Digital Age","volume":"6","author":"Tait","year":"2014","journal-title":"Open Prax."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1080\/713688410","article-title":"Planning Student Support for Open and Distance Learning Open Learn","volume":"15","author":"Tait","year":"2000","journal-title":"Open Learn. J. Open Distance e-Learn"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"H\u00e9nard, F., and Roseveare, D. (2012). Fostering Quality Teaching in Higher Education: Policies and Practices, OECD Publishing. Available online: https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/education\/imhe\/QT%20policies%20and%20practices.pdf."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Council of Australian Directors of Academic Development (2021, December 21). Benchmarking Performance of Academic Development Units in Australian Universities. Available online: http:\/\/www.cadad.edu.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Benchmarking_Report.pdf."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/1360144X.2018.1555757","article-title":"Developing and implementing a robust and flexible framework for the evaluation and impact of educational development in higher education in Chile","volume":"24","author":"Moya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Acad. Dev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1080\/07294360903067021","article-title":"Teaching and learning centres: Towards maturation","volume":"28","author":"Challis","year":"2009","journal-title":"High Educ. Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1080\/00091383.2018.1540826","article-title":"The Role of a Center for Teaching and Learning in a De-Centered Educational World","volume":"50","author":"Wright","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chang. Mag. High. Learn."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1080\/07294360.2010.539600","article-title":"Strategic leadership of Teaching and Learning Centres: From reality to ideal","volume":"30","author":"Palmer","year":"2011","journal-title":"High. Educ. Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"69","article-title":"The faculty learning outcome assessment framework","volume":"30","author":"Hurney","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Fac. Dev."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Genthon, M.M.K.E. (1989). Helping Teaching and Learning Centers Improve Teaching. Accent on Improving College Teaching and Learning. National Center for Research to Improve Postsecondary Teaching and Learning, 2400 SEB, University of Michigan."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"5","article-title":"Collaborations between Centers for Teaching and Learning and Offices of Disability Services: Current Partnerships and Perceived Challenges","volume":"30","author":"Behling","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Postsecond. Educ. Disabil."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/tia2.20089","article-title":"A Framework for the Strategic Leveraging of Outside Resources to Enhance CTL Effectiveness","volume":"38","author":"Brinthaupt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Improv. Acad."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/tia2.20084","article-title":"The Four Rs: Guiding CTLs with Responsiveness, Relationships, Resources, and Research","volume":"37","author":"Wright","year":"2018","journal-title":"Improv. Acad."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"107","article-title":"What future(s) for distance education universities? Towards an open network-based approach","volume":"22","author":"Teixeira","year":"2019","journal-title":"RIED Rev. Iberoam. Educ. A Distancia"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2021.121008","article-title":"Can online higher education be an active agent for change?\u2014Comparison of academic success and job-readiness before and during COVID-19","volume":"172","author":"Alam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delgado Kloos, C.D., Alario-Hoyos, C., Morales, M., Rocael, H.R., Jerez, O., Perez-Sanagustin, M., Kotorov, I., Fernandez, S.A.R., Oliva-Cordova, L.M., and Solarte, M. (2021, January 15\u201318). PROF-XXI: Teaching and Learning Centers to Support the 21st Century Professor. Proceedings of the 2021 World Engineering Education Forum\/Global Engineering Deans Council, WEEF-GEDC 2021, Madrid, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/WEEF\/GEDC53299.2021.9657301"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X033007014","article-title":"Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come","volume":"33","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-007-9105-3","article-title":"Onwuegbuzie: A typology of mixed methods research designs","volume":"43","author":"Leech","year":"2009","journal-title":"Qual. Quant."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105194","article-title":"Impact of lockdown on learning status of undergraduate and postgraduate students during COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal, India","volume":"116","author":"Kapasia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child. Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2007.09.017","article-title":"Why hasn\u2019t technology disrupted academics\u2019 teaching practices? Understanding resistance to change through the lens of activity theory","volume":"50","author":"Blin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/1475939X.2013.869509","article-title":"Resituation or resistance? Higher education teachers\u2019 adaptations to technological change","volume":"24","author":"Westberry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Technol. Pedagog. Educ."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2020.100726","article-title":"Identifying needs for learning analytics adoption in Latin American universities: A mixed-methods approach","volume":"45","author":"Hilliger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Internet High. Educ."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.07.027","article-title":"The current landscape of learning analytics in higher education","volume":"89","author":"Viberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"1088","article-title":"E-Learning during lockdown of COVID-19 pandemic: A global perspective","volume":"13","author":"Radha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Control Autom."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijedro.2020.100012","article-title":"Online teaching-learning in higher education during lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"1","author":"Mishra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Educ. Res. Open"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alam, G.M., Roslan, S., Al-Amin, A.Q., and Leal Filho, W. (2021). Does GATS\u2019Influence on Private University Sector\u2019s Growth Ensure ESD or Develop City \u2018Sustainability Crisis\u2019\u2014Policy Framework to Respond COP21. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13084520"},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"(2021, December 21). European Commission, Digital Skills & Jobs Platform 2021. Available online: https:\/\/digital-skills-jobs.europa.eu\/en\/inspiration\/resources\/digital-competence-test."}],"container-title":["Electronics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9292\/11\/3\/413\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:10:38Z","timestamp":1760134238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9292\/11\/3\/413"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["electronics11030413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/electronics11030413","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-9292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-9292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]}}}