{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T02:03:54Z","timestamp":1762049034105,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029494","PTDC\/EEI-EEE\/29494\/2017","UIDB\/04131\/2020","UIDP\/04131\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029494","PTDC\/EEI-EEE\/29494\/2017","UIDB\/04131\/2020","UIDP\/04131\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029494","PTDC\/EEI-EEE\/29494\/2017","UIDB\/04131\/2020","UIDP\/04131\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029494","PTDC\/EEI-EEE\/29494\/2017","UIDB\/04131\/2020","UIDP\/04131\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Electronics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As technology advances, the utilization of lighting systems based on light-emitting diode (LED) technology is becoming increasingly essential, given its benefits in terms of efficiency, reliability, and lifespan. Unfortunately, the power electronic components required to drive LEDs are unable to compete with LED devices in terms of lifetime. Aluminum electrolytic capacitor (AEC) failures represent the root cause of power electronic equipment breakdown, mainly through both aging and temperature effects. This highlights the importance of designing robust power converter architectures and control methods that allow the evaluation of the condition of electrolytic capacitors while maintaining the performance of converter controllers, even in the presence of capacitor failure. On this basis, this work proposes a novel condition-monitoring system for the diagnosis of capacitor faults on a fault-tolerant LED driver, which is able to deal with the specific architecture and low ratings of the most recent LED lighting systems. The fault-detection task applies the short time least square Prony\u2019s (STLSP) approach to perform an online estimation of the ESR and C parameters, allowing the continuous evaluation of the electrolytic capacitor\u2019s condition and, as a result, the prevention of total system failure. With regard to capacitor failure, the experimental results suggest that the condition-monitoring task is extremely effective, even when considering a limited number of data samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11091444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T16:49:57Z","timestamp":1651250997000},"page":"1444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["On-Line Diagnostics of Electrolytic Capacitors in Fault-Tolerant LED Lighting Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7683-6897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled","family":"Laadjal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CISE\u2014Electromechatronic Systems Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Cal\u00e7ada Fonte do Lameiro, P-62001-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7139-812X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Bento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISE\u2014Electromechatronic Systems Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Cal\u00e7ada Fonte do Lameiro, P-62001-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8737-6999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio J. Marques","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISE\u2014Electromechatronic Systems Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Cal\u00e7ada Fonte do Lameiro, P-62001-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3692","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2020.3023469","article-title":"An Overview of Condition Monitoring Techniques for Capacitors in DC-Link Applications","volume":"36","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Electron."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2018.2835393","article-title":"A VEN Condition Monitoring Method of DC-Link Capacitors for Power Converters","volume":"66","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. 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