{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T12:04:38Z","timestamp":1776081878407,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["H2020-MSCA-RISE-2018-EXPLOR-872897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2020-MSCA-RISE-2018-EXPLOR-872897"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["PT2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PT2020"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["UID\/EEA\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/EEA\/50008\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MEC","award":["H2020-MSCA-RISE-2018-EXPLOR-872897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2020-MSCA-RISE-2018-EXPLOR-872897"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MEC","award":["PT2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PT2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MEC","award":["UID\/EEA\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/EEA\/50008\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Electronics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article demonstrates the design and development of WR-15 transition using an antipodal microstrip dipole antenna at a frequency of 60 GHz for space applications. An inline microstrip line to rectangular waveguide (MS-to-RWG) transition is proposed for the V-band (50\u201375 GHz) functioning. The RF energy is coupled and launched through an antipodal dipole microstrip antenna. Impedance matching and mode matching between the MS line and dipole are achieved by a quarter wave impedance transformer. This results in the better performance of transitions in terms of insertion loss (IL &gt; \u22120.50 dB) and return loss (RL &lt; \u221210 dB) for a 40.76% relative bandwidth from 55.57 GHz to 65.76 GHz. The lowest values of IL and RL at 60 GHz are \u22120.09 dB and \u221232.05 dB, respectively. A 50 \u03bcm thick double-sided etched InP substrate material is used for microstrip antipodal dipole antenna design. A back-to-back designed transition has IL &gt; \u22120.70 dB and RL &lt; \u221210 dB from 54.29 GHz to 64.07 GHz. The inline transition design is simple in structure, easy to fabricate, robust, compact, and economic; occupies less space because the transition size is exactly equal to the WR-15 length; and is prepared using an InP substrate with high permittivity of 12.4 and thickness of 50 \u03bcm. Thus, the devices have the lowest insertion loss value and lowest return loss (RL) value, of &lt;\u221231 dB, as compared to earlier designs in the literature. Therefore, the proposed design has the lowest radiation loss (because of thickness) and highest transmission (about 97% power). Easy impedance matching using only a single-step quarter-wave transformer between the antipodal dipole antenna and 50 \u2126 microstrip line (avoiding the multi-sections\u2019 demand and microstrip line\u2019s tedious complexity) is needed. Since, when the InP dielectric substrate is inserted in WR-15, the waveguide becomes a dielectric-filled waveguide (DFWG), and its characteristics impedance reduces to 143 \u2126 from 505 \u2126 at an operating frequency of 60 GHz. In the proposed transition, no ridge waveguide or waveguide back-short is utilized in WR-15. The microstrip line did not contain any via, fence, window, screw, galvanic structure, post, etc. Hence, the transition is suitable for high-data-rate 5G communications, satellite remote sensing, missile navigation, MIC\/MMIC circuits\u2019 characterization, and mm-wave applications. The electrical equivalent model of the proposed design has been generated and validated using an RF circuit simulator and was found to have excellent matching.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11233860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T02:54:05Z","timestamp":1669258445000},"page":"3860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["An Inline V-Band WR-15 Transition Using Antipodal Dipole Antenna as RF Energy Launcher @ 60 GHz for Satellite Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0440-4937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atul","family":"Varshney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ECE Department, FET Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be) University, Haridwar 249404, India"}]},{"given":"Vipul","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECE Department, FET Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be) University, Haridwar 249404, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0440-8025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Issa","family":"Elfergani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9803-9346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chemseddine","family":"Zebiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Electronique de Puissance et Commande Industrielle (LEPCI), Department of Electronics, University of Ferhat Abbas, S\u00e9tif -1-, S\u00e9tif 19000, Algeria"}]},{"given":"Zoran","family":"Vujicic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassan, S.E., Berggren, M., Scheiner, B., Michler, F., Weigel, R., and Lurz, F. 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