{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T16:31:22Z","timestamp":1775233882027,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04131\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04131\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04131\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04131\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.12782.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.12782.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Electronics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of fuel cells in DC microgrids has been receiving a lot of attention from researchers and industry since both technologies can deliver clean energy with little to no environmental impact. To effectively integrate fuel cells in DC microgrids, a power converter that can equate the fuel cell\u2019s voltage with the DC microgrid\u2019s reference voltage is required. Based on the typical output voltages of fuel cells, buck-boost topologies are commonly used in this type of application. A variety of DC-DC buck-boost topologies, showing distinctive merits and drawbacks, are available in the literature. Therefore, this paper compiles, compares and describes different DC-DC buck-boost topologies that have been introduced in the literature over the past few years. Additionally, some design considerations are addressed, and future work is proposed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11233941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T01:42:02Z","timestamp":1669686122000},"page":"3941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Buck-Boost DC-DC Converters for Fuel Cell Applications in DC Microgrids\u2014State-of-the-Art"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4949-3227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Andrade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CISE-Electromechatronic Systems Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Cal\u00e7ada Fonte do Lameiro, P-6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8488-5074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ad\u00e9rito Neto","family":"Alcaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISE-Electromechatronic Systems Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Cal\u00e7ada Fonte do Lameiro, P-6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Polytechnic of Guarda, School of Technology and Management, P-6300-559 Guarda, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7139-812X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Bento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISE-Electromechatronic Systems Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Cal\u00e7ada Fonte do Lameiro, P-6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8737-6999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio J.","family":"Marques Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISE-Electromechatronic Systems Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Cal\u00e7ada Fonte do Lameiro, P-6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Barbir, F. 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