{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T15:55:38Z","timestamp":1776182138484,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia within the R&amp;D Units Project Scope","award":["UIDB\/00319\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00319\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Electronics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Electric vehicles (EVs) integrate two main power electronics systems, namely, the battery charging system and the traction system. In this study, we aimed to complement and deepen the study of the latter, more specifically, focusing on a traction system based on a synchronous reluctance permanent magnet (SRPM) machine, since this is an emerging electric machine in the EV paradigm. The developed prototype integrates bidirectional ac-dc and dc-dc converters, allowing for regenerative braking, and the SRPM machine is controlled using a maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) algorithm. Computer simulations and the experimental results for the traction system are presented in this paper. The dynamic characteristics of the SRPM machine proved to be relevant for EV applications, with effective results obtained during load and speed changes. The effective behavior of the SRPM machine was partially rooted in the use of the MTPA algorithm, which has proven itself to be an effective algorithm for the electric machines of EVs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12030539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T02:43:29Z","timestamp":1674182609000},"page":"539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Traction System for Electric Vehicles Based on Synchronous Reluctance Permanent Magnet Machine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1530-2736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joao D. C.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ALGORITMI Research Centre\/LASI, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0721-8198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago J. C.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ALGORITMI Research Centre\/LASI, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6640-8955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ALGORITMI Research Centre\/LASI, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9195-1239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joao L.","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ALGORITMI Research Centre\/LASI, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1109\/MELE.2016.2644280","article-title":"Getting Rare-Earth Magnets Out of EV Traction Machines: A Review of the Many Approaches Being Pursued to Minimize or Eliminate Rare-earth Magnets from Future EV Drivetrains","volume":"5","author":"Jahns","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Electrif. 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Power Electron."}],"container-title":["Electronics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9292\/12\/3\/539\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:11:25Z","timestamp":1760119885000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9292\/12\/3\/539"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["electronics12030539"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/electronics12030539","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-9292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-9292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]}}}