{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:13:37Z","timestamp":1760148817587,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/04131\/2020","UIDP\/04131\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04131\/2020","UIDP\/04131\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Electronics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, significant technological advances have emerged in renewable power generation systems (RPGS), making them more economical and competitive. On the other hand, for the RPGS to achieve the highest level of performance possible, it is important to ensure the healthy operation of their main building blocks. Power electronic converters (PEC), which are one of the main building blocks of RPGS, have some vulnerable components, such as capacitors, which are responsible for more than a quarter of the failures in these converters. Therefore, it is of paramount importance that the design of fault diagnosis techniques (FDT) assess the capacitor\u2019s state of health so that it is possible to implement predictive and preventive maintenance plans in order to reduce unexpected stoppage of these systems. One of the most commonly used capacitors in power converters is the aluminum electrolytic capacitor (AEC) whose aging manifests itself through an increase in its equivalent series resistance (ESR). Several advanced intelligent techniques have been proposed for assessing AEC health status, many of which require the use of a current sensor in the capacitor branch. However, the introduction of a current sensor in the capacitor branch imposes practical restrictions; in addition, it introduces unwanted resistive and inductive effects. This paper presents an FDT based on the random forest classifier (RFC), which triggers an alert mechanism when the DC-link AEC reaches its ESR threshold value. The great advantage of the proposed solution is that it is non-invasive; therefore, it is not necessary to introduce any sensor inside the converter. The validation of the proposed FDT will be carried out using several computer simulations carried out in Matlab\/Simulink.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12122572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T01:34:32Z","timestamp":1686188072000},"page":"2572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Advanced Fault-Detection Technique for DC-Link Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors Based on a Random Forest Classifier"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8025-6898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ac\u00e1cio M. R.","family":"Amaral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute of Engineering, Rua Pedro Nunes\u2014Quinta da Nora, P-3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CISE-Electromechatronic Systems Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Cal\u00e7ada Fonte do Lameiro, P-6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7683-6897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled","family":"Laadjal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISE-Electromechatronic Systems Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Cal\u00e7ada Fonte do Lameiro, P-6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8737-6999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio J. Marques","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISE-Electromechatronic Systems Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Cal\u00e7ada Fonte do Lameiro, P-6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3569","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2014.2308357","article-title":"Reliability of capacitors for DC-link applications in power electronic converters\u2014An overview","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7755","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2019.2957027","article-title":"Online estimation of ESR for DC-link capacitor of boost PFC converter using wavelet transform based time\u2013frequency analysis method","volume":"35","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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