{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:31:27Z","timestamp":1778200287293,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/00319\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00319\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000086"]}]},{"name":"project \u201cIntegrated and Innovative Solutions for the well-being of people in complex urban centers\u201d","award":["UIDB\/00319\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00319\/2020"]}]},{"name":"project \u201cIntegrated and Innovative Solutions for the well-being of people in complex urban centers\u201d","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000086"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Electronics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To further evolve urban quality of life, this paper explores the potential of crowdsensing and crowdsourcing in the context of smart cities. To aid urban planners and residents in understanding the nuances of day-to-day urban dynamics, we actively pursue the improvement of data visualisation tools that can adapt to changing conditions. An architecture was created and implemented that ensures secure and easy connectivity between various sources, such as a network of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, to merge with crowdsensing data and use them efficiently. In addition, we expanded the scope of our study to include the development of mobile and online applications, emphasizing the integration of autonomous and geo-surveillance. The main findings highlight the importance of sensor data in urban knowledge. Their incorporation via Tepresentational State Transfer (REST) Application Programming Interface (APIs) improves data access and informed decision-making, and dynamic data visualisation provides better insights. The geofencing of the application encourages community participation in urban planning and resource allocation, supporting sustainable urban innovation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics13030550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T05:14:32Z","timestamp":1706591672000},"page":"550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Revolutionising the Quality of Life: The Role of Real-Time Sensing in Smart Cities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3696-9927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Miranda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Research Centre\/LASI, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8320-5295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Research Centre\/LASI, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2988-196X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Research Centre\/LASI, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2449-2658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Research Centre\/LASI, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2911-4514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa","family":"Montenegro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Research Centre\/LASI, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3957-2121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Peixoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Research Centre\/LASI, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8313-7023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalila","family":"Dur\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Research Centre\/LASI, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00e2mara Municipal de Guimar\u00e3es, 4804-534 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6457-0756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Abelha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Research Centre\/LASI, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3549-0754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Novais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Research Centre\/LASI, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4121-6169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Research Centre\/LASI, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/10630732.2011.601117","article-title":"Smart Cities in Europe","volume":"18","author":"Caragliu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Urban Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.122877","article-title":"Internet of Things (IoT): Opportunities, issues and challenges towards a smart and sustainable future","volume":"274","author":"Patrono","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Sousa, R., Lopes, D., Silva, A., Dur\u00e3es, D., Peixoto, H., Machado, J., and Novais, P. (2022). Communications in Computer and Information Science, Springer Nature Switzerland."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2021.102218","article-title":"ICT-mixed community participation model for development planning in a vulnerable sandbank community: Case study of the Eco Shezi Island Plan in Taipei City, Taiwan","volume":"58","author":"Hsiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dresch, A., Lacerda, D.P., and Antunes, J.A.V. (2015). Design Science Research: A Method for Science and Technology Advancement, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-07374-3"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castillo Ossa, L.F., Isaza, G., Cardona, \u00d3., Castrill\u00f3n, O.D., Corchado Rodriguez, J.M., and De la Prieta Pintado, F. (2023). Trends in Sustainable Smart Cities and Territories, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-36957-5"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.11.046","article-title":"A blockchain-based location privacy-preserving crowdsensing system","volume":"94","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amaxilatis, D., Mylonas, G., Diez, L., Theodoridis, E., Guti\u00e9rrez, V., and Mu\u00f1oz, L. (2018). Managing pervasive sensing campaigns via an experimentation-as-a-service platform for smart cities. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18072125"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda Bringas, P., P\u00e9rez Garc\u00eda, H., Mart\u00ednez de Pis\u00f3n, F.J., Villar Flecha, J.R., Troncoso Lora, A., de la Cal, E.A., Herrero, \u00c1., Mart\u00ednez \u00c1lvarez, F., Psaila, G., and Quinti\u00e1n, H. (2022). Hybrid Artificial Intelligent Systems, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-15471-3"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"412","article-title":"SafeCity: A Platform for Safer and Smarter Cities","volume":"Volume 12092","author":"Fernandes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Advances in Practical Applications of Agents, Multi-Agent Systems, and Trustworthiness, Proceedings of the 18th International Conference, PAAMS 2020, L\u2019Aquila, Italy, 7\u20139 October 2020"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"351","article-title":"Big data in smart-cities: Current research and challenges","volume":"6","author":"Pal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indones. J. Electr. Eng. Inform. (IJEEI)"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012045","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/294\/1\/012045","article-title":"Gamification in the context of smart cities","volume":"Volume 294","author":"Zica","year":"2018","journal-title":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20539517221101346","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517221101346","article-title":"\u2018Real-time\u2019 air quality channels: A technology review of emerging environmental alert systems","volume":"9","author":"Schulte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Big Data Soc."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s10723-021-09569-9","article-title":"Edge-enabled Mobile Crowdsensing to Support Effective Rewarding for Data Collection in Pandemic Events","volume":"19","author":"Foschini","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Grid Comput."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.3390\/smartcities4040068","article-title":"Role of internet of things (IoT) and crowdsourcing in smart city projects","volume":"4","author":"Shahrour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Smart Cities"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2020.12.2365","article-title":"Travel Time Estimation by means of Google API Data","volume":"53","author":"Wagner","year":"2020","journal-title":"IFAC-PapersOnLine"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ge, L., Sarhani, M., Vo\u00df, S., and Xie, L. (2021). Review of Transit Data Sources: Potentials, Challenges and Complementarity. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su132011450"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.3390\/smartcities4020032","article-title":"Smart Parking Systems: Reviewing the Literature, Architecture and Ways Forward","volume":"4","author":"Biyik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Smart Cities"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zelinka, I., Brandstetter, P., Trong Dao, T., Hoang Duy, V., and Kim, S.B. (2020). AETA 2018\u2014Recent Advances in Electrical Engineering and Related Sciences: Theory and Application, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-14907-9"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fraga-Lamas, P., Fern\u00e1ndez-Caram\u00e9s, T.M., Su\u00e1rez-Albela, M., Castedo, L., and Gonz\u00e1lez-L\u00f3pez, M. (2016). A Review on Internet of Things for Defense and Public Safety. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16101644"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burch, M., Staudt, Y., Frommer, S., Uttenweiler, J., Grupp, P., H\u00e4hnle, S., Scheytt, J., and Kloos, U. (2020, January 8\u201310). Pasvis: Enhancing public transport maps with interactive passenger data visualizations. Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.","DOI":"10.1145\/3430036.3430061"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"72","article-title":"Real-time environmental monitoring, visualization, and notification system for construction H&S management","volume":"19","author":"Kiani","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Inf. Technol. Constr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10708-020-10295-0","article-title":"Gamification and citizen motivation and vitality in smart cities: A qualitative meta-analysis study","volume":"87","author":"Latifi","year":"2022","journal-title":"GeoJournal"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"969458","article-title":"Analytical review of data visualization methods in application to big data","volume":"2013","author":"Gorodov","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Electr. Comput. Eng."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/17538157.2021.1982949","article-title":"Impact of data visualization on decision-making and its implications for public health practice: A systematic literature review","volume":"47","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inform. Health Soc. Care"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeferino, E.F., Mpofu, K., Makinde, O., and Ramatsetse, B. (2022, January 5\u20137). Establishment of an Appropriate Data Analytic Platform for Developing a Wisdom Manufacturing System Using Decision Techniques. Proceedings of the Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing, Berlin, Germany.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-28839-5_70"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"55","article-title":"Considerations Regarding Business Intelligence in Cloud Context","volume":"19","author":"Muntean","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inform. Econ."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, P., Linhares Silva, A., Machado, R., Silva, J., Dur\u00e3es, D., Machado, J., Novais, P., Monteiro, J., Melo-Pinto, P., and Fernandes, D. (September, January 31). Comparison of Different Deployment Approaches of FPGA-Based Hardware Accelerator for 3D Object Detection Models. Proceedings of the Progress in Artificial Intelligence: 21st EPIA Conference on Artificial Intelligence, EPIA 2022, Lisbon, Portugal.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-16474-3_24"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moroney, L. (2017). The Definitive Guide to Firebase: Build Android Apps on Google\u2019s Mobile Platform, Apress.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4842-2943-9"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.4018\/IJEIS.2019070105","article-title":"Application Programming Interface (API) Research: A Review of the Past to Inform the Future","volume":"15","author":"Boateng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Enterp. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012029","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1783\/1\/012029","article-title":"Why is the Application Programming Interface the backbone of a Smart City?","volume":"1783","author":"Wahyuni","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."}],"container-title":["Electronics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9292\/13\/3\/550\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:51:36Z","timestamp":1760104296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9292\/13\/3\/550"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["electronics13030550"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/electronics13030550","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-9292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-9292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]}}}