{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T13:49:18Z","timestamp":1770731358264,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,7]],"date-time":"2019-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2016R1D1A1B03934653"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2016R1D1A1B03934653"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2019R1A2C1005920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2019R1A2C1005920"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Electronics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A printed and minimal size antenna having the functionality of frequency shifting as well as pattern reconfigurability is presented in this work. The antenna proposed in this work consists of three switches. Switch 1 is a lumped switch that controls the operating bands of the antenna. Switch 2 and Switch 3 controls the beam switching of the antenna. When the Switch 1 is ON, the proposed antenna operates at 3.1 GHz and 6.8 GHz, covering the 2.5\u20134.2 GHz and 6.2\u20137.4 GHz bands, respectively. When Switch 1 is OFF, the antenna operates only at 3.1 GHz covering the 2.5\u20134.2 GHz band. The desired beam from the antenna can be obtained by adjusting the ON and OFF states of Switches 2 and 3. Unique beams can be obtained by different combination of ON and OFF states of the Switches 2 and 3. A gain greater than 3.7 dBi is obtained for all four cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics8040407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T11:54:52Z","timestamp":1554724492000},"page":"407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Frequency and Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna for Emerging Wireless Communication Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8312-7087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amjad","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Wireless Technology (CWT), Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9096-4337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amor","family":"Smida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, 11952 AlMajmaah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Unit of Research in High Frequency Electronic Circuits and Systems, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 2092, Tunisia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0487-4015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazih Khaddaj","family":"Mallat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain 64141, UAE"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3893-6977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ridha","family":"Ghayoula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Research in High Frequency Electronic Circuits and Systems, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 2092, Tunisia"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V0A6, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0440-8025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Issa","family":"Elfergani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1762-5915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunghwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1002\/mop.20639","article-title":"A reconfigurable dual-frequency slot-loaded microstrip antenna controlled by pin diodes","volume":"44","author":"Augustin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microw. 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