{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T01:36:36Z","timestamp":1765157796940,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]],"date-time":"2018-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51577067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51577067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["3162033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3162033"]}]},{"name":"Hebei Natural 489 Science Foundation of China","award":["E2015502060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E2015502060"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power 490 System with Renewable Energy Sources","award":["LAPS18008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LAPS18008"]}]},{"name":"Headquarters Science and Technology 491 Project of State Grid Corporation of China","award":["SGCC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGCC"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Operation and 492 Control of Renewable Energy &amp; Storage Systems (China Electric Power Research Institute)","award":["5242001600FB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5242001600FB"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018QN077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018QN077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Most distributed photovoltaic systems (DPVSs) are normally located behind the meter and are thus invisible to utilities and retailers. The accurate information of the DPVS capacity is very helpful in many aspects. Unfortunately, the capacity information obtained by the existing methods is usually inaccurate due to various reasons, e.g., the existence of unauthorized installations. A two-stage DPVS capacity estimation approach based on support vector machine with customer net load curve features is proposed in this paper. First, several features describing the discrepancy of net load curves between customers with DPVSs and those without are extracted based on the weather status driven characteristic of DPVS output power. A one-class support vector classification (SVC) based DPVS detection (DPVSD) model with the input features extracted above is then established to determine whether a customer has a DPVS or not. Second, a bootstrap-support vector regression (SVR) based DPVS capacity estimation (DPVSCE) model with the input features describing the difference of daily total PV power generation between DPVSs with different capacities is proposed to further estimate the specific capacity of the detected DPVS. A case study using a realistic dataset consisting of 183 residential customers in Austin (TX, U.S.A.) verifies the effectiveness of the proposed approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en11071750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]],"date-time":"2018-07-04T12:23:02Z","timestamp":1530706982000},"page":"1750","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["A Distributed PV System Capacity Estimation Approach Based on Support Vector Machine with Customer Net Load Curve Features"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7332-9726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Storage and Micro-grid (North China Electric Power University), Baoding 071003, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9046-7127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kangping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China"}]},{"given":"Xinkang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China"}]},{"given":"Lihui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Resources Power Holdings Company Limited, Shenzhen 518001, China"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Resources Power Holdings Company Limited, Shenzhen 518001, China"}]},{"given":"Zengqiang","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Storage and Micro-grid (North China Electric Power University), Baoding 071003, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1691-5355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miadreza","family":"Shafie-khah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C-MAST, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o P. S.","family":"Catal\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C-MAST, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"INESC TEC and the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INESC-ID, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2018, April 21). Preliminary Market Report. Available online: http:\/\/www.iea-pvps.org\/index.php?id=266."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2018, April 21). National Survey Reports, International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme. 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