{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T05:03:40Z","timestamp":1769576620994,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]],"date-time":"2019-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Euro-Latin America partnership in natural Risk mitigation and protection of the Cultural Heritage","award":["552129-EM-1-2014-1-IT-ERA MUNDUS-EMA21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["552129-EM-1-2014-1-IT-ERA MUNDUS-EMA21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, awareness concerning the need to use energy efficiently is increasing significantly worldwide, thus, improving the energy efficiency levels in the building sector has acquired high importance because of their energy saving potential. However, several intervention options are available to achieve high energy efficiency levels in buildings, and the choice must be made considering the efficiency of the solution and the costs involved. Considering this, the present research aimed to develop a parametric study of several energy retrofit solutions for buildings located in the hot-humid climate of Paraguay, in order to analyse their efficiency in terms of comfort rates and cooling energy needs. Furthermore, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is employed as a decision-making method to choose the most suitable intervention considering the investment costs required. Thus, threshold values of thermal transmittance for the building thermal envelope components are established through a parametric study and sensitivity analysis of the simulations results. Considering that Paraguay does not have national building energy codes, the outcomes of this research will constitute a support and contribute for the thermal parameters regulation of buildings aiding to improve the energy efficiency of Paraguayan buildings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en12030427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]],"date-time":"2019-01-29T11:27:52Z","timestamp":1548761272000},"page":"427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Parametric Study and Performance Evaluation of Energy Retrofit Solutions for Buildings Located in the Hot-Humid Climate of Paraguay\u2014Sensitivity Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7323-9766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana","family":"Silvero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RISCO, Civil Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Geology and Engineering Department, University G. d\u2019Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 42\u201365127 Chieti\u2013Pescara, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9127-7766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISCO, Civil Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0151-1219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Montelpare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geology and Engineering Department, University G. d\u2019Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 42\u201365127 Chieti\u2013Pescara, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.05.066","article-title":"Study of the Economical and Optimum Thermal Insulation Thickness for Buildings in a Wet and Hot Tropical Climate: Case of Cameroon","volume":"50","author":"Nematchoua","year":"2015","journal-title":"Renew. 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