{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:28:10Z","timestamp":1777505290094,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAPES Print Program 698503P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAPES Print Program 698503P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>IEC 61850 is a standard for the design and operation of electrical Substation Automation Systems (SAS) that defines how data may be transferred among Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). The defined data models can be mapped into application protocols, such as SV or GOOSE, which may run upon high speed Ethernet LANs bridged by IEEE 802.1Q compliant switches. The communication system must cope with the timing requirements associated to protective relaying strategies. Given the time constrained nature of SAS applications, a thorough analysis of its timing behavior is required. In this paper, we propose an analytical model for the timing assessment of SV and GOOSE message exchanges in an IEC 61850 process bus. The proposed model allows the communication timing assessment, by analyzing the response time of each message stream of the SAS. This feature is an advantage for the expansion of the SAS, as it allows the evaluation at design time of the maximum number of IEDs that can be supported by the underlying communication system. The results from the proposed analytical model were validated for a typical IEC 61850 communication scenario, both through simulation and through an experimental assessment with IEC 61850 compliant equipment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en12122272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T11:15:58Z","timestamp":1560424558000},"page":"2272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Real-Time Analysis of Time-Critical Messages in IEC 61850 Electrical Substation Communication Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Le\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Electric, Florian\u00f3polis 88036-400, SC, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7767-0692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Montez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automation and Systems, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, SC, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4968-5077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Odilson","family":"Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telecommunication Area, Federal Institute of Santa Catarina, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 88103-310, SC, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3115-0901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Vasques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC-TEC, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Mackiewicz, R. 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