{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T16:53:23Z","timestamp":1767372803691,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper describes a system to support the development and assessment of methodologies that explore the energy flexibility provided by electric water heaters. The proposed system follows a modular approach and allows users to share and remotely control the referred devices. The operation of this system is presented in this paper considering a case study where the energy flexibility provided by a 100 L electric water heater is used to reduce electricity costs under the Portuguese tariff context. The collected results reveal that increasing the available energy flexibility leads to larger savings. These results also show that the referred savings depend on the instant associated to hot water consumption events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en13010046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T03:15:01Z","timestamp":1577070901000},"page":"46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Exploring the Energy Flexibility of Electric Water Heaters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tiago Cardoso","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6953-1403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Amaral Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Center of Technology and Systems (CTS), UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Center of Technology and Systems (CTS), UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"European Comission (2019, October 17). 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