{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T23:22:59Z","timestamp":1767914579089,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\/13953-6 and 2015\/24813-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/13953-6 and 2015\/24813-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF10CC1016517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF10CC1016517"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Finance Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance Code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) at high solid loading is a potential approach to improve the economic feasibility of cellulosic ethanol. In this study, SSF using high loading of rice straw was assessed using a vertical ball mill reactor. First, the conditions of temperature and number of glass spheres were optimized at 8% (w\/v) initial solids (41.5 \u00b0C, 18 spheres). Then, assays were carried out at higher solid loadings (16% and 24% w\/v). At 8% or 16% solids, the fermentation efficiency was similar (\u03b7F~75%), but the ethanol volumetric productivity (QP) reduced from 1.50 to 1.14 g\/L.h. By increasing the solids to 24%, the process was strongly affected (\u03b7F = 40% and QP = 0.7 g\/L.h). To overcome this drawback, three different feeding profiles of 24% pre-treated rice straw were investigated. Gradual feeding of the substrate (initial load of 16% with additions of 4% at 10 and 24 h) and an inoculum level of 3 g\/L resulted in a high ethanol titer (52.3 g\/L) with QP of 1.1 g\/L.h and \u03b7F of 67%. These findings demonstrated that using a suitable fed-batch feeding strategy helps to overcome the limitations of SSF in batch mode caused by the use of high solid content.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en13082090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T02:10:52Z","timestamp":1587607852000},"page":"2090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Ethanol Production from High Solid Loading of Rice Straw by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation in a Non-Conventional Reactor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4539-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas C.","family":"Roberto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Lorena\/SP 12602-810, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7134-6346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael C. A.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Lorena\/SP 12602-810, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1153-1654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo A.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Lorena\/SP 12602-810, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7182-6198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solange I.","family":"Mussatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 220, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vert\u00e8s, A.A., Qureshi, N., Blaschek, H.P., and Yukawa, H. 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