{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T16:05:54Z","timestamp":1762445154820,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a suitable approach to address the electric vehicle charging roaming problem (e-roaming). Blockchain technologies are applied to support the identity management process of users charging their vehicles and to record energy transactions securely. At the same time, off-chain cloud-based storage is used to record the transaction details. A user wallet settled on a mobile application stores user verified credentials; a backend application in the vehicle charging station validates the user credentials to authorize the energy transaction. The current model can be applied to similar contexts where the user may be required to keep several credentials from different providers to authenticate digital transactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en14061686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T11:41:06Z","timestamp":1616067666000},"page":"1686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Roaming Service for Electric Vehicle Charging Using Blockchain-Based Digital Identity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6662-0806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joao C.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ISTAR, Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"INOV INESC Inova\u00e7\u00e3o\u2014Instituto de Novas Tecnologias, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3222-081X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Ferreira da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISTAR, Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CISUC, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1557-1845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose P.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISTAR, Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2017). 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