{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T10:29:20Z","timestamp":1775039360311,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Identifying a modeling procedure of biomass thermal decomposition that is not only simple enough to implement and use, and computationally efficient, but also sufficiently accurate for engineering design activities, and with a spectrum of applications as broad as possible is a very difficult task. The authors propose a procedure which consists of two main stages: (a) the static modeling phase with the purpose of generating the algorithm (macro functions) that supplies a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model with specific input data (source\/sink terms and local material properties) and (b) the dynamic modeling phase, where the CFD model is bi-directionally coupled to the external biomass decomposition model in the form of a User-Defined Function (UDF). The modeling approach was successfully validated against data obtained from single particle decomposition experiments, demonstrating its applicability even to large biomass particles, under high heating rates and combusting conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en14071978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T10:34:09Z","timestamp":1617359649000},"page":"1978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Numerical Model of Biomass Combustion Physical and Chemical Processes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ion V.","family":"Ion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, \u201cDunarea de Jos\u201d University of Galati, 47 Domneasca St., 800008 Galati, Romania"}]},{"given":"Florin","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, \u201cDunarea de Jos\u201d University of Galati, 47 Domneasca St., 800008 Galati, Romania"}]},{"given":"Razvan","family":"Mahu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, \u201cDunarea de Jos\u201d University of Galati, 47 Domneasca St., 800008 Galati, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6899-8442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugen","family":"Rusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, \u201cDunarea de Jos\u201d University of Galati, 47 Domneasca St., 800008 Galati, Romania"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Popescu, F., Mahu, R., Ion, I.V., and Rusu, E. (2020). A Mathematical Model of Biomass Combustion Physical and Chemical Processes. Energies, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/en13236232"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Lu, H. (2006). Experimental and Modeling Investigations of Biomass Particle Combustion. [Ph.D. Thesis, Brigham Young University]."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"16","article-title":"CFD modelling of thermal conversion and packed bed compaction in biomass combustion","volume":"117","author":"Porteiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"020029","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4984658","article-title":"Numerical modelling of biomass combustion: Solid conversion processes in a fixed bed furnace","volume":"1851","author":"Rezwanul","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIP Conf. Proc."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2005.08.012","article-title":"Mathematical modelling of the combustion of a single wood particle","volume":"87","author":"Porteiro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fuel Process. Technol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"050026","article-title":"A CFD model for biomass combustion in a packed bed furnace, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (ICME 2015)","volume":"1756","author":"Karim","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIP Publ."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"705","article-title":"Mathematical analysis of steady-state non-premixed multi-zonecombustion of porous biomass particles under counter-flow configuration. Renew","volume":"159","author":"Hosseinzadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2826","DOI":"10.1021\/ef800006z","article-title":"Comprehensive Study of Biomass Particle Combustion","volume":"22","author":"Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2016.03.106","article-title":"Model simplifications on biomass particle combustion","volume":"184","author":"Sousa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1021\/ef700305r","article-title":"Combustion of a Single Particle of Biomass","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2020.117909","article-title":"Combustion kinetics and mechanism of biomass pellet","volume":"205","author":"Inamullah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boriouchkine, A., and J\u00e4ms\u00e4-Jounela, S.L. (2016). Simplification of a Mechanistic Model of Biomass Combustion for On-Line Computations. Energies, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/en9090735"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roman, K., Barwicki, J., Hryniewicz, M., Szadkowska, D., and Szadkowski, J. (2021). Production of Electricity and Heat from Biomass Wastes Using a Converted Aircraft Turbine AI-20. Processes, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr9020364"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Ansys Inc (2018). ANSYS 14.5 Documentation, Analytical Graphics Inc."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Green, D.W., and Perry, R.H. (2008). Perry\u2019s Chemical Engineering Hanbook, McGraw-Hill. [VIII ed.]."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2006.09.002","article-title":"Kinetics of pyrolysis, combustion and gasification of three biomass fuels","volume":"88","author":"Senneca","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fuel Process. Technol."}],"container-title":["Energies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1073\/14\/7\/1978\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:26:09Z","timestamp":1760361969000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1073\/14\/7\/1978"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["en14071978"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/en14071978","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1073"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1073","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]}}}