{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:57:14Z","timestamp":1760234234759,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vegetable fibers have inspired studies in academia and industry, because of their good characteristics appropriated for many technological applications. Sisal fibers (Agave sisalana variety), when extracted from the leaf, are wet and must be dried to reduce moisture content, minimizing deterioration and degradation for long time. The control of the drying process plays an important role to guarantee maximum quality of the fibers related to mechanical strength and color. In this sense, this research aims to evaluate the drying of sisal fibers in an oven with mechanical air circulation. For this purpose, a transient and 3D mathematical model has been developed to predict moisture removal and heating of a fiber porous bed, and drying experiments were carried out at different drying conditions. The advanced model considers bed porosity, fiber and bed moisture, simultaneous heat and mass transfer, and heat transport due to conduction, convection and evaporation. Simulated drying and heating curves and the hygroscopic equilibrium moisture content of the sisal fibers are presented and compared with the experimental data, and good concordance was obtained. Results of moisture content and temperature distribution within the fiber porous bed are presented and discussed in details. It was observed that the moisture removal and temperature kinetics of the sisal fibers were affected by the temperature and relative humidity of the drying air, being more accentuated at higher temperature and lower relative humidity, and the drying process occurred in a falling rate period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en14092514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T21:18:20Z","timestamp":1619558300000},"page":"2514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Drying of Sisal Fiber: A Numerical Analysis by Finite-Volumes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jacqueline F. B.","family":"Diniz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1026-4523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o M. P. Q.","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT-LFC, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8034-090X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson F.","family":"Vilela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agro-industrial Management and Technology, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Bananeiras 58220-000, PB, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Ricardo S.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8025-8911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianne D.","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agro-industrial Management and Technology, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Bananeiras 58220-000, PB, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4387-4600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria J.","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agro-industrial Management and Technology, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Bananeiras 58220-000, PB, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Diego D. S.","family":"Diniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Rural Federal University of Semi-Arid, Cara\u00fabas 59780-000, RN, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Isis S.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1275-809X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fagno D.","family":"Rolim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teacher Training Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cajazeiras 58900-000, PB, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Ivonete B.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o E. F.","family":"Carmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1691-1872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio G. B.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Silva, R.V. (2003). Polyurethane Resin Composite Derived from Castor Oil and Vegetable Fibers. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of S\u00e3o Paulo]. 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