{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T02:34:23Z","timestamp":1773801263273,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/117722\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/117722\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article presents an assessment of the most suitable compressed air energy storage (CAES) reservoirs and facilities to better integrate renewable energy into the electricity grid. The novelty of this study resides in selecting the best CAES reservoir sites through the application of a multi-criteria decision aid (MCDA) tool, specifically the simple additive weighting (SAW) method. Besides using geographic information systems (GIS) spatial representation of potential reservoir areas, for the MCDA method, several spatial criteria, environmental and social constraints, and positive incentives (e.g., the proximity to existing power generation facilities of renewable energy sources) were contemplated. As a result, sixty-two alternatives or potential reservoir sites were identified, and thirteen criteria (seven constraints and six incentives) were considered. The final stage of this study consisted of conducting a sensitivity analysis to determine the robustness of the solutions obtained and giving insights regarding each criterion\u2019s influence on the reservoir sites selected. The three best suitable reservoir sites obtained were the Monte Real salt dome, Sines Massif, and the Campina de Cima\u2014Loul\u00e9 salt mine. The results show that this GIS-MCDA methodological framework, integrating spatial and non-spatial information, proved to provide a multidimensional view of the potential reservoir CAES systems incorporating both constraints and incentives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en14206793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T22:52:47Z","timestamp":1634683967000},"page":"6793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A GIS-MCDA Approach Addressing Economic-Social-Environmental Concerns for Selecting the Most Suitable Compressed Air Energy Storage Reservoirs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8381-9131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina R.","family":"Matos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy for Sustainability Initiative, MIT Portugal Program, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis dos Santos, P\u00f3lo II, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Earth Sciences (ICT), University of \u00c9vora, Col\u00e9gio Lu\u00eds Ant\u00f3nio Verney, Rua Rom\u00e3o Ramalho, 59, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"J\u00falio F.","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earth Sciences (ICT), University of \u00c9vora, Col\u00e9gio Lu\u00eds Ant\u00f3nio Verney, Rua Rom\u00e3o Ramalho, 59, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Geosciences, Institute for Research and Advanced Training, School of Science and Technology, University of \u00c9vora, Col\u00e9gio Lu\u00eds Ant\u00f3nio Verney, Rua Rom\u00e3o Ramalho, 59, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5862-1278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Pereira da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CeBER, Centre for Business and Economics Research, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, Av. Dias da Silva, 165, 3004-512 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"INESC Coimbra, Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers at Coimbra, Rua S\u00edlvio Lima, P\u00f3lo II, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4045-6101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla O.","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CeBER, Centre for Business and Economics Research, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, Av. Dias da Silva, 165, 3004-512 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"INESC Coimbra, Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers at Coimbra, Rua S\u00edlvio Lima, P\u00f3lo II, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra Business School Research Centre|ISCAC, Quinta Agr\u00edcola-Bencanta, 3040-316 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"APREN (2019, July 01). 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