{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T17:20:58Z","timestamp":1763400058116,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper discusses the Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, and Safety (RAMS) of an electrical power supply system in a large European hospital. The primary approach is based on fuzzy logic and Petri nets, using the CPNTools software to simulate and determine the most important modules of the system according to the Automatic Transfer Switch. Fuzzy Inference System is used to analyze and assess the reliability value. The stochastic versus fuzzy approach is also used to evaluate the reliability contribution of each system module. This case study aims to identify and analyze possible system failures and propose new solutions to improve the system reliability of the power supply system. The dynamic modeling is based on block diagrams and Petri nets and is evaluated via Markov chains, including a stochastic approach linked to the previous analysis. This holistic approach adds value to this type of research question. A new electrical power supply system design is proposed to increase the system\u2019s reliability based on the results achieved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en15031024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T23:02:06Z","timestamp":1643497326000},"page":"1024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Stochastic versus Fuzzy Models\u2014A Discussion Centered on the Reliability of an Electrical Power Supply System in a Large European Hospital"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1718-550X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Const\u00e2ncio Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEMMPRE, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidade Nacional de Timor-Leste, Av. Cidade de Lisboa, D\u00edli, Timor-Leste"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9694-8079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Torres","family":"Farinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEMMPRE, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra\/Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra (ISEC\/IPC), Department of Mechanical Engineering, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1682-5950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Raposo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEMMPRE, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra\/Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra (ISEC\/IPC), Department of Mechanical Engineering, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4107-0991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Galar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 97187 Lule\u00e5, Sweden"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.37394\/23203.2021.16.2","article-title":"Contributions of Petri Nets to the Reliability and Availability of an Electrical Power supply system in a Big European Hospital\u2014A Case Study","volume":"16","author":"Pinto","year":"2021","journal-title":"WSEAS Trans. 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