{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T06:15:40Z","timestamp":1772777740318,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center\u2014MEtRICs","award":["UIDB\/04077\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04077\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Mechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center\u2014MEtRICs","award":["UIDP\/04077\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04077\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDB\/04077\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04077\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDP\/04077\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04077\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cultivation of energy crops on degraded soils contributes to reduce the risks associated with land use change, and the biomass may represent an additional revenue as a feedstock for bioenergy. Switchgrass and giant reed were tested under 300 and 600 mg Cr kg\u22121, 110 and 220 mg Ni kg\u22121, and 4 and 8 mg Cd kg\u22121 contaminated soils, in a two year pot experiment. Switchgrass yields (average aerial 330 g.m\u22122 and below ground 430 g.m\u22122), after the second year harvest, were not affected by Cd contamination and 110 mg Ni kg\u22121, but 220 mg Ni kg\u22121 significantly affected the yields (55\u201360% reduction). A total plant loss was observed in Cr-contaminated pots. Giant reed aboveground yields (control: 410 g.m\u22122), in the second year harvest, were significantly affected by all metals and levels of contamination (30\u201370% reduction), except in 110 mg Ni kg\u22121 pots. The belowground biomass yields (average 1600 g.m\u22122) were not affected by the tested metals. Contamination did not affect the high heating value (HHV) of switchgrass (average 18.4 MJ.kg\u22121) and giant reed aerial fractions (average 18.9 MJ.kg\u22121, stems, and 18.1 MJ.kg\u22121, leaves), harvested in the second year, indicating that the biomass can be exploited for bioenergy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en15155538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]],"date-time":"2022-07-31T23:37:29Z","timestamp":1659310649000},"page":"5538","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Switchgrass and Giant Reed Energy Potential when Cultivated in Heavy Metals Contaminated Soils"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0753-2256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandro","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MEtRICs, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, NOVA School of Science and Technology|FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8732-6887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEtRICs, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, NOVA School of Science and Technology|FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Superior de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o e Ci\u00eancias, Alameda das Linhas de Torres 179, 1750-142 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEtRICs, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, NOVA School of Science and Technology|FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Berta","family":"Cumbane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEtRICs, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, NOVA School of Science and Technology|FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias de Sa\u00fade, Universidade Zambeze, Recinto do Hospital Provincial de Tete, Bairro Josina Machel, Rua 3 de Fevereiro, 2300 Tete, Mozambique"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Abias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEtRICs, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, NOVA School of Science and Technology|FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Gest\u00e3o de Turismo e Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica de Mo\u00e7ambique, Av. 25 de Setembro, N:725, C.P. 336 Cidade de Pemba, Mozambique"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2893-7853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul\/UERGS, Av. Bento Gon\u00e7alves 8855, Porto Alegre 91540-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4729-2082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Zanetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum\u2013Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Monti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum\u2013Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9270-3982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Luisa","family":"Fernando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEtRICs, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, NOVA School of Science and Technology|FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2020.101217","article-title":"Utilization of CO2 in thermochemical conversion of biomass for enhanced product properties: A review","volume":"40","author":"Parvez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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