{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T11:27:18Z","timestamp":1774438038016,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA) and by the Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies (GOVCOPP) through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/04106\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04106\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA) and by the Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies (GOVCOPP) through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/04058\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04058\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The connection between Earth\u2019s global temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is one of the highest challenges in climate change science since there is some controversy about the real impact of CO2 emissions on the increase of global temperature. This work contributes to the existing literature by analyzing the relationship between CO2 emissions and the Earth\u2019s global temperature for 61 years, providing a recent review of the emerging literature as well. Through a statistical approach based on maximum entropy, this study supports the results of other techniques that identify a positive impact of CO2 in the increase of the Earth\u2019s global temperature. Given the well-known difficulties in the measurement of global temperature and CO2 emissions with high precision, this statistical approach is particularly appealing around climate change science, as it allows the replication of the original time series with the subsequent construction of confidence intervals for the model parameters. To prevent future risks, besides the present urgent decrease of greenhouse gas emissions, it is necessary to stop using the planet and nature as if resources were infinite.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en16010277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T05:31:54Z","timestamp":1672205514000},"page":"277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Global Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Nexus: Evidence from a Maximum Entropy Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Pedro","family":"Macedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIDMA\u2014Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications, Department of Mathematics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4905-2771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara","family":"Madaleno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies (GOVCOPP), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Economia, Gest\u00e3o, Engenharia Industrial e Turismo (DEGEIT), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Machine learning based analysis for relation between global temperature and concentrations of greenhouse gases","volume":"41","author":"Kalra","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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